The contractility of the frog sartorius muscle was suppressed after treatment with a Ringer solution added with ethylene glycol (EGR). No contraction was elicited by nerve stimulation when the muscle was brought back to normal Ringer solution after having been soaked in 876 mM EGR for 4 hr or in 1095 mM EGR for 2 hr. However, the action potential of normal amplitude was generated and followed b...

Abstract Background and Aims Cadmium (Cd2+) is toxic metal environmental pollutant. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results initially proximal tubule dysfunction. Although Cd2+ toxicity well documented, all mechanisms that are involved early stages nephrotoxicity, especially considering low micromolar concentrations ions still unknown. The Aim this study was to investigate effects acute e...

Quality of fresh milt of grey mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 was assessed based on motility grade, motility duration, sperm count and seminal plasma osmolality. Freshly collected milt from live males (n=17) were examined individually for motility assessment. Motility grade was four in fifteen samples whereas three in other two samples analysed. Other sperm quality parameters such as motil...

Microdialysis sampling of lipophilic molecules in human tissues is challenging because protein binding and adhesion to the membrane limit recovery. Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HP-ß-CD) forms complexes with hydrophobic molecules thereby improving microdialysis recovery of lipophilic molecules in vitro and in rodents. We tested the approach in human subjects. First, we determined HP-ß-CD influe...

Na efflux of rabbit RBC is approximately 10 mmoles/kg wet weight. hr. One-half of this consists of a ouabain-insensitive exchange diffusion component. Ouabain inhibits 2.5 mmoles/kg.hr of Na efflux. K influx is 3.0 mmoles/kg.hr; 2.2 mmoles/kg.hr are inhibited by ouabain. In contrast with human RBC, ouabain inhibition of Na efflux and K influx of rabbit RBC is easily reversible. After 2 hr, ouab...

1. The absorption of fluid from the joint cavity was studied by measurement of the flow of Ringer solution or paraffin oil, from an infusion reservoir, into rabbit knee joints at constant pressures between 0 and 25 cm water. 2. Although no oil was absorbed across the synovium, oil flowed continuously into the joint cavity at constant intra-articular pressure. It was concluded that the joint cap...

The extent to which hematocrit (Hct) is regulated and the impact of altered Hct on blood oxygen transport in avian embryos are largely unknown. Consequently, we investigated how acute blood removal or Ringer solution injection modified Hct in day 15 embryos, and how ;blood doping' with erythrocyte-enriched whole blood influenced O(2) consumption in day 15-17 chicken embryos. Mean Hct (+/-s.e.m....

Single glomerulus filtration rate in Eptatretus stouti averaged 20.3+/-2.13 (S.E.M.) nl min(-1). Single glomerulus glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could be correlated with arterial pressure when arterial pressure exceeded about 4 cm H2O. Glomerular filtration was affected by postglomerular resistance brought about by alteration of the volume of urinary spaces. Filtration undoubtedly plays a ro...

The evidence supporting a site of inhibition of excitation contraction (E-C) coupling near the plasma membrane (the "glycerol effect," the K+-potentiating effect) for muscle in hypertonic solution was reinvestigated. It was found, using whole frog sartorii, that there was a rehydration of muscle soaked in glycerol Ringer after 30 min and a large swelling (to 140% after 1 hr soaking) upon return...