Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely used cool-season grass species as turf and forage. In order to use biotechnological approaches to improve the species, factors affecting tissue culture responses of mature caryopses of perennial ryegrass were studied. Callus induction and regeneration from mature caryopses of thirteen recentlyreleased turf-type perennial ryegrass cultivars were...

This paper gives a method to construct rigid spaces, which is similar to the method used to construct toric schemes.

Tensegrity frameworks are defined on a set of points in Rd and consist of bars, cables, and struts, which provide upper and/or lower bounds for the distance between their endpoints. The graph of the framework, in which edges are labeled as bars, cables, and struts, is called a tensegrity graph. It is said to be strongly rigid in Rd if every generic realization in Rd as a tensegrity framework is...

A direction-length framework is a pair (G, p), where G = (V ;D,L) is a ‘mixed’ graph whose edges are labeled as ‘direction’ or ‘length’ edges, and p is a map from V to R for some d. The label of an edge uv represents a direction or length constraint between p(u) and p(v). Let G be obtained from G by adding, for each length edge e of G, a direction edge with the same end vertices as e. We show t...

Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass), and Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual or Italian ryegrass), differ in several traits related to seed yield. Generally, L. multiflorum spikes are larger than L. perenne spikes, and have more spikelets, more florets per spikelet, larger seeds and awns. The greater number of spikelets and florets and larger seeds are associated with higher seed yield in L. mul...

Groups of six to nine Merino Summary lambs were weaned in September (May drop) and December (September drop) on to three types of irrigated perennial pastureperennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Ladino white clover (Trifolium repens) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), and one irrigated annual pasture-subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum) . The weight gain of the weaners on white clover was s...

Particular alkaloids produced by Neotyphodium endophytes show toxicity to invertebrates. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamarck) cultivars and strains that are symbiotic with Neotyphodium endophytes have been recently established in Japan. N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass lines accumulate N-formylloline, a type of loline alkaloid (1-aminopyrrolizidine) showing neurotoxicity to herbi...

The effect of irrigation with lake water containing a variety of microcystins on accumulation of toxins, or toxin metabolites, and plant growth in ryegrass, clover, rape, and lettuce, was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in sand culture and received either three or six applications of lake water, which was applied either directly to the sand surface or to the plant...

Fescue foot, summer syndrome, reproductive problems, and ryegrass staggers are all diseases of livestock related to endophyte toxins in pasture grasses. Range finding experiments and case studies of fescue foot relative to ergovaline toxin found in endophyte infected tall fescue and lolitrem B present in endophyte infected perennial ryegrass were conducted. Within 42 d of initiating a feeding t...