AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the pattern of drug-resistance and treatment outcomes among patients with confirmed multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB). METHODS A prospective study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 224 confirmed MDR-PTB cases were studied for various drug-resistance pat...

had not been given to contacts of these patients, but only one of the "secondary" cases occurred within 30 days of the index case; the others were two months and three months apart. Although rifampicin prophylaxis is of limited value, the relatively poor compliance with the current recommendations suggests that its value is commonly reduced even further by incorrect use. There has been concern ...

The conversion of single-stranded DNA of bacteriophage M13 to the double-stranded replicative form in Escherichia coli is blocked by rifampicin, an antibiotic that specifically inhibits the host-cell RNA polymerase. Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, does not block this conversion. The next stage in phage DNA replication, multiplication of the doublestranded forms, is also inhi...

Introduction.Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). Recommended antimicrobial therapy typically includes intravenous β-lactams with or without synergistic aminoglycosides. In vitro studies have previously identified antagonism when rifampicin has been used in combination with β-lactams. However, in vivo data of rifampicin use are limited despite its ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of combined ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and rifampicin treatment in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). STUDY DESIGN A questionnaire survey of 27 women with 28 affected pregnancies identified via the UK and International Obstetric Medicine forum. The clinical case notes of women with ICP treated with combined UDCA and rifampicin therapy were reviewed, an...

Medical device-associated infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis usually involve biofilm formation and its eradication is particularly challenging. Although rifampicin has been proving to be one of the most effective antibiotics against S. epidermidis biofilms, its use as a single agent can lead to the acquisition of resistance. Therefore, we assessed the combined effect of rifampicin ...

SETTING Two Mycobacteriology Reference Laboratories in Johannesburg (Laboratory 1) and Cape Town (Laboratory 2), South Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of the FASTPlaqueTB-RIF test to correctly identify rifampicin susceptibility on strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured on solid media. DESIGN A comparative study of FASTPlaqueTB-RIF and conventional drug susceptibility meth...

Animal studies have demonstrated that the mouse and rabbit are far more responsive to the inductive properties of rifamycin derivatives than the rat and guinea pig. The rat hepatic cytochrome P450 system seems to be resistant to the action of rifampicin unless very high doses are used. Mouse hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity is markedly increased by repeated dosing with rifampi...

BACKGROUND Rifampicin was reported to inhibit amyloid-β oligomerization and tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models and could serve as a promising available medicine for the prevention of Alzheimer disease (AD). To examine whether rifampicin has such preventive effects in humans, we retrospectively reviewed 18F-FDG-PET findings of elderly patients with mycobacterium infection treated with rifa...

Rifampicin is used to treat tuberculosis. However, the drug is also known to cause hepatotoxicity and exhibit increased incidence of hepatitis. This has been postulated to be due to rifampicin induced cytochrome induction causing an increased production of toxic metabolites. Glutathione is a small molecule made up of three amino acids that is produced in liver and exists in almost every cell of...