Topaz rhyolites are fluorine.,.rich alkaline silicic lavas and shallow intrusives that are characterized by the presence of topaz (AI2Si04F 2) in gas cavities, commonly associated with MnFe garnet, bixbyite, pseudobrookite, specularite, quartz, and other minerals. In the western United States, Cenozoic (O.5--50m.y. .old for dated examples) topaz rhyolites occur on both sides of the Colorado Pla...

Fluorite is a widespread mineral in porphyry and hydrothermal vein Mo-polymetallic deposits. Here, fluorite utilised as probe to trace the fluid source reveal evolution process Chalukou giant Mo (Pb–Zn) deposit, Northeast China, which characterised early later vein-style Zn–Pb mineralisation. A detailed rare earth element (REE) Sr–Nd isotope study of combined with Sr isotopes sphalerite conduct...