BACKGROUND Clinical genetic testing is becoming an integral part of medical care for inherited disorders. While genetic testing and counseling are readily available in high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries like Kenya genetic testing is limited and genetic counseling is virtually non-existent. Genetic testing is likely to become widespread in Kenya within the next decade, ye...

PURPOSE We determined the incidence of retinoblastoma and the long-term survival rate of retinoblastoma patients in South Korea. METHODS We reviewed retrospectively data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry recorded between 1993 and 2010 to identify the incidence of retinoblastoma and the survival rate of retinoblastoma patients in Korea. The incidence of retinoblastoma was estimated by pop...

Retinoblastoma is a curable intraocular malignancy in children. However, in clinical practice, retinoblastoma can sometimes be misdiagnosed and mismanaged, leading to extraocular extension and even death. In this report, a series of 3 cases are related that emphasize the conditions and consequences resulting from misdiagnosis and mismanagement of retinoblastoma. The clinical features, imaging f...

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood. Notch plays a key role in retinal cells from which retinoblastomas arise, and we therefore studied the role of Notch signaling in promoting retinoblastoma proliferation. Moderate or strong nuclear expression of Hes1 was found in 10 of 11 human retinoblastoma samples analyzed immunohistochemically, supporting a role for Notch...

BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. The management of retinoblastoma is complex and depends on several factors. METHODS This review provides an update on current and emerging therapeutic options for retinoblastoma. The medical literature was searched for articles relevant to the management of retinoblastoma. The results of prospective and r...

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye tumor of childhood that arises in the retina. It is the most common intraocular malignancy of infancy and childhood; with an incidence of 1/15,000-20,000 live births. The two most frequent symptoms revealing retinoblastoma are leukocoria and strabismus. Iris rubeosis, hypopyon, hyphema, buphthalmia, orbital cellulites and exophthalmia may also be observed. Sixty per...

Dentre os tumores primários malignos da infância, destaca-se o retinoblastoma, neoplasia ocular primária muito comum nessa faixa etária. No entanto, é considerado como um desafio para países em desenvolvimento, visto que diagnóstico acaba sendo tardio por conta de fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos. Este estudo objetiva identificar principais sinais sintomas do determinar tempo médio entre ...

Retinoblastoma, a neuroblastic tumor, is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. Patients usually present with leukokoria (white reflex or white pupil), detected in primary care. The mean age at diagnosis is 12 months for bilateral tumors and 24 months for unilateral tumors. If untreated, almost all patients die of intracranial extension and disseminated disease within two ...

Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) is a rare combination of unilateral or bilateral retinoblastoma with an ectopic midline intracranial neuroblastic neoplasm (primitive neuroectodermal tumour) usually in the area of pineal gland or sellar region. TRb can occur with both familial and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma. An occurrence of this rare tumour in a 12-year-old boy who had unilateral retinobl...

Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular cancer. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with retinoblastoma in a major paediatric ophthalmology center in the country. Retrospective information was collected through the retinoblastoma registry. Late presentation with advanced staging is a major problem.