The opiate-receptor antagonist naloxone was administered to rats after passive-avoidance training either alone or in combination with forced-swim stress. A retention test revealed that while naloxone enhanced retention when administered alone, it impaired retention when administered in combination with forced-swim stress. The findings provide evidence for a "protective" endogenous opioid-based ...

Potential sperm limitation has become a concern for blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay. However, methods to quantify sperm in blue crabs are time intensive, which limits the sample size that can be obtained for sperm limitation studies. Our goal was to develop an efficient method for rapidly preparing spermathecae samples that more quickly quantifies sperm in blue crabs. Ultimatel...

Abstract: The present study examined the effect of different types retrieval practice on reading comprehension across levels thinking and retention interval in a classroom setting. One hundred undergraduates divided into two groups (short- long-retention interval) were asked to read passage topic Cognitive Psychology then required engage learning strategy using question format (production test ...

the present study aimed at determining the relationship between learning styles and the effect of random and blocked practices on learning of badminton serve skills.  in this quasi-experimental study, 48 female high school students were randomly placed in four groups: 1. convergent learning style with random practice, 2. convergent learning style with blocked practice, 3. divergent learning sty...

the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of goal setting on learning volleyball serve in novice female university students. the study included 20 female students (aged between 20 and 22 who were not physical education students with no volleyball history) who were randomly assigned to a goal setting or no goal setting group (n1=n2=10) using pretest scores. no goal setting group was...

The performance of several previously designed model series of test analytes has been tested to characterize in an objective, quantitative manner modern stationary phases for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs). Three QSRR approaches and three respective series of test analytes recommended for studies of th...

Two experiments investigated recall following two study conditions, (1) repeated test: a study trial followed by multiple recall trials, and (2) repeated study: multiple study trials with no tests. At a retention interval of 5 minutes, repeated study produced a higher level of recall than repeated test. When the retention interval was extended, forgetting was much more rapid in the study condit...

Taking a test on content that has just been studied is known to enhance later retention of the material studied, but is testing more profitable than the same amount of time spent in review? High school students studied a brief history text, then either took a test on the passage, spent equivalent time reviewing the passage, or went on to an unrelated task. A retention test given 2 weeks later i...

In this paper, we present a combination of a key-solute test based on retention and separation factors of large probe solutes (carotenoid pigments) and a quantitative structure-retention relationship analysis based on the retention factors of small probe solutes (aromatic compounds) to investigate the different chromatographic behavior of octadecylsiloxane-bonded stationary phases of all sorts:...

We examined the impact of self-controlled knowledge of results on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of anticipation timing skill as a function of random and blocked practice schedules. Forty-eight undergraduate students were divided into experimental groups that practiced under varying combinations of random or blocked as well as self-controlled or yoked practice conditions. Anticipation...