conclusions we revealed that thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy was associated with iugr and low apgar score even in subclinical forms. further studies are required to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases, even in subclinical form, can prevent their adverse effect on fetus. background maternal thyroid function alters during pregnancy. inadequate adaptation to th...

objective: fragile x syndrome is the second etiology for inherited mental retardation. it may concomitant with other psychiatric disorders. intellectual disability (id) is a state of functioning that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by limitations in intelligence and adaptive skills. we intend to introduce a male young patient with fragile x syndrome and obsessive-compulsive d...

background and aim: children with special needs such as those with hearing loss, visual impairment, mental retardation, and physical-motor disability have special conditions, which may adversely affect their parents’ mental health. given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the components of quality of life and psychological well-being in mothers of c...

background: the association between maternal smoking and poor pregnancy outcome, which is well established in medi­cal literature, has also been corroborated by the results of this study conducted in a turkish hospital. our objective was to investi­gate the effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on infant head circumference, height, weight, and body mass in­dex (bmi). methods: in this re...

to evaluate the efficacy of vineland adaptive behavior scales in iranian population, this scale was applied to 360 normal subjects in 15 age groups from birth to 18 years and 11 months. in urban and rural areas of kerman. it was also filled for 40 mentally retarded individuals from variuos age groups. findings show that all domains of this scale have significant reliability for iranian populati...

objectives: the vineland adaptive behavior scale-ii is useful in assessing an individual’s daily functioning. they can be used as an evaluation and diagnostic tool for individuals who are mentally retarded or individuals with other handicaps. methods: to determine the efficacy of vabs in clinical settings, 3 cases with mental retardation and behavioral or emotional problems were evaluated accor...

BACKGROUND No explanation for moderate to severe mental retardation is apparent in about 40% of cases. Although small chromosomal rearrangements may account for some undiagnosed cases, a lack of genome-wide screening methods has made it impossible to ascertain the frequency of such abnormalities. METHODS A fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) test was used to examine the integrity of chr...

Mental retardation affects nearly 3 % of the population. The causes of these disorders are various and are often not identified. Recent advances focused on the molecular basis of mental retardation. Nearly half of mental retardation syndromes have a genetic origin and the description of molecular, cytogenetic and metabolic alterations in these disorders led to the development of diagnostic tool...