Introduction: In the present study, the prophylactic effect of vitamin C, as a potent anti-oxidant, on tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid white blood cell (WBC) count and differential count, and also lung pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -guinea pigs (cigarette exposed guinea pigs) were examined. In addition, the relax...

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Voice interventions of various kinds have been widely used to create accountability in managers of public programs. We reviewed the evaluation literature to understand the findings with regard to the impact of voice interventions on quality and responsiveness of public services. The literature on ‘voice’ interventions is broad, but very few studies focus on quantitative outcomes that bear on im...

Marketing strategy and tactics depend on the firm’s strengths and weaknesses, including marketing activities relative to those of current and potential competitors, and on customer demand. The impact of marketing often depends on how a firm’s own activities compare to those of competitors (Day and Reibstein 1997). For example, a customer’s willingness to pay for a product or service offered by ...

The objectives of this study is to analyze information quality, customer relationship management on product responsiveness, competitive advantage. This research type a causal with quantitative approach. Population obtained from 82 export and import businessmen in Perak. Sample was taken saturated sampling technique, so the number samples people. Data collection carried out using questionnaire. ...

As explained by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000, the concept of health system responsiveness is one of the core goals of health systems. Since 2000, further efforts have been made to measure health system responsiveness and the factors affecting responsiveness, yet few studies have applied responsiveness concepts to the evaluation of mental health systems. The present study aims to ...

This paper examines the long-term behaviour of a discrete-time Footloose Capital model, where capitalists, who are themselves immobile between regions, move their physical capital between regions in response to economic incentives. The spatial location of industry can exhibit cycles of any periodicity or behave chaotically. Long-term behaviour is highly sensitive to transport costs and to the r...

Uncertainty varies strongly over time, rising by 50% to 100% in recessions and by up to 200% after major economic and political shocks. This paper shows that higher uncertainty reduces the responsiveness of R&D to changes in business conditions a “caution-effect” making it more persistent over time. Thus, uncertainty will play a critical role in shaping the dynamics of R&D through the business ...