The article concerns juvenile community services for the benefit of local – an educational measure used by Polish courts. It presents research carried out using three methods: legal-dogmatic method, statistical and case study method. covered 14 cases in which 2013 court obliged juveniles to work (nearly 1% total number such rulings within this year Poland). results show that courts use increasi...

The article identifies and analyzes the problems of guaranteeing rights convicts in connection with principles penitentiary law. author comes to conclusion that not all general special are guaranteed by legislation accordance In order implement principle humanism prevent treatment degrades human dignity, it is necessary fix at legislative level measures overcrowding institutions system. interna...

In this article, the author analyzes approaches to concept of "juvenile justice", examines links juvenile justice system in Russian Federation. Federation, increased attention has always been paid rights and freedoms minors, state takes special care them provides protection, including through legal regulation area its activities. The article presents own vision content justice. scientific study...

This study examined the influence of social isolation on behavioural sensitization to the locomotor effect of morphine and the link between this behaviour and plasma corticosterone concentrations. Four weeks isolation induced an increase in the locomotor effect of morphine. In social and isolated mice, repeated administrations (6) of morphine (one injection every 3 or 4 days) followed by 3 h in...

This paper proposes an innovative financial instrument to fund projects that combine profit-making with significant social or environmental goals, specially in emerging low-income economies. The proposal is based on improvements the typical impact bond model aim of better aligning parties' incentives, and also making it more transparent, traceable compatible revenue-generating projects. It appl...