This is a general review of anomalous resistivity with emphasis on its applicability in space and more specifically on ionospheric plasmas. It is addressed to the general ionospheric community rather than the specialist. Therefore a substantial amount of rigor has been sacrificed in favor of simplified physical pictures. However, several prescriptions are presented, on the basis of which one ca...

There is low resistivity contrast between reservoir zone and host formation in geothermal fields, especially in areas where the technique of water injection is being carried out. Therefore, in low contrast area, permittivity can be one of the important reservoir indicators besides resistivity. In this study, one EM tomography method of reconstructing the resistivity and permittivity from electr...

An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system that uses the optimal current method to inject currents and the regularized Newton-Raphson algorithm to reconstruct an image of resistivity distribution is discussed. Iterative methods to derive the optimal current patterns through iterative physical measurements are developed. Direct methods to first determine the resistance matrix of a resistivi...

Materials and methods The questionnaire used for the practicing medics was the effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) model of Siegrist et al. The questionnaire used for the students survey was the effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) model for school and student settings. The ERI scores on a 5 point Likert scale. In total, N = 716 medical students completed the questionnaire (65.4% female, 34.6% male). 61% of...

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 2 Civil Engineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 5600, Thailand 3Department of Civil Engineering, ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea 4Department of Civil Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 21...

We show that when bulk graphene breaks into n-type and p-type puddles, the in-plane resistivity becomes strongly field dependent in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field even if homogeneous graphene has a field-independent resistivity. We calculate the longitudinal resistivity xx and Hall resistivity xy as a function of field for this system using the effective-medium approximation. Th...

The objective of this study was to develop a methodology by which the risk from major accident hazards to the environment can be assessed or quantified. An index method, the Environmental Risk Index (ERI), has been developed based on an existing method, the Environmental Hazard Index (EHI), and the Department of the Environment (DoE) definitions of events that would constitute a major accident ...

This paper suggests the modeling methods of non-uniform substrate resistivity for substrate resistance extraction. Conventional substrate model of uniform resistivity for each substrate layer can cause about 40-80% resistance extraction errors. Though model of simulated doping profile theoretically provides fine accuracy, the doping profile cannot be corrected with measurement results. The step...