conclusions these findings showed no significant difference regarding the presence of icaadbc genes between blood and wound isolates. background the polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (pia) produced by staphylococcus aureus is effective in the protection of isolates from outer harsh conditions and progress of infection. objectives the aim of this study was to compare the icaabcd genes encodi...

introduction: multi-drug resistant (mdr) p. aeruginosa is constantly increasing and causing severe issues in combatting widely spread health problems. the aim of this study was to assess colistin susceptibility in mdr p. aeruginosa isolates obtained from different infection sites. methods: ninety clinical isolates of p. aeruginosa were collected from different hospitals of the tabriz university...

Antibiotics are the 'wonder drugs' to combat microbes. For decades, multiple varieties of antibiotics have not only been used for therapeutic purposes but practiced prophylactically across other industries such as agriculture and animal husbandry. Uncertainty has arisen, as microbes have become resistant to common antibiotics while the host remains unaware that antibiotic resistance has emerged...

Dual antidepressant combination for treatment-resistant depression is a strategy well supported by literature and accepted in clinical practice. Rather, the usefulness of the combination of more than two antidepressants is controversial. This may be related to the possibility of higher side-effect burden and to doubts about its pharmacological effectiveness and therapeutic advantage compared to...

background: the aim of this study was to compare the biofilm formation and the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes between the isolates of methicillin-resistant (mrsa) and methicillin-susceptible (mssa) staphylococcus aureus. methods: in total, 209 s. aureus isolates were collected. the antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using nine antibiotics according to the guidelines of clinica...

resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae against penicillin is considered to be of great importance. while low-resistant strains could be treated by penicillin, treatment of highly resistant strains is very difficult and needs broad-spectrum antibiotics. this study was performed in imam khomeini medical center, tehran, iran, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate pneumococcal resistance against penicillin...

background and objectives: the pathogenic strains of escherichia coli cause severe septicemia, urinary tract infection and wound sepsis. resistance of this organism to the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins occurs via the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) such as tem and shv. these enzymes hydrolyze oxyimino cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime) and monobactams (aztreonam). ...

Antibiotic resistance in conjunction with the erosion of the drug development pipeline may lead us into a bleak future, a "post-antibiotic era." Because of a shortage of studies addressing treatment options for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) infections in children, data must be extrapolated from the adult literature. However, even adult studies are limited by significant methodologic...

Small molecule inhibitors, such as lapatinib, are effective against breast cancer in clinical trials, but tumor cells ultimately acquire resistance to the drug. Maintaining sensitization to drug action is essential for durable growth inhibition. Recently, adaptive reprogramming of signaling circuitry has been identified as a major cause of acquired resistance. We developed a computational frame...