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s of Papers Presented to the American Mathematical Society, 1996, v.17, no.1, issue 103, 265. 15. Smarandache F. Neutrosophy. Neutrosophic probability, set,and logic. American Research Press, Rehoboth (NM), 1998;Republished in 2000, 2003, 2005 as Smarandache F. A unifyingfield in logics: neutrosophic logic. Neutrosophy, neutrosophicset, neutrosophic probability and statistics. A...

Long-thriving movements often have a habit of continually reinventing themselves in a process called renaissance. The word itself is an English reinvention (some would say theft) of the French word for “rebirth”. Renaissances often occur in waves with each new wave typically building on the prior one. The European Renaissance is a perfect example, occurring in waves over about three centuries. ...

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The rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide generates an urgent need of novel treatment options. Applying bacteria may represent a valuable therapeutic variant that is intensively investigated nowadays. Interestingly, the idea to apply bacteria wittingly or unwittingly dates back to ancient times and was revived in the 19th century mainly by the pioneer William Coley. This review summarizes ...

The Native American flute, a traditional ethnic wind instrument developed by indigenous Native American cultures, is enjoying a renaissance in various sectors of society. The instrument evolved from traditional uses in courtship (Black Hawk & Patterson, 1834; Burton, 1909), treatment of the sick (Densmore, 1936), ceremony (Gilman, 1908; Stacey, 1906), signaling (Densmore, 1929), legends (Delori...

The generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is an essential energy conservation event that couples the oxidation of carbohydrates and fat to the synthesis of ATP. Studies in isolated mitochondria have established that the chemical gradient for protons (pH m) and the mitochondrial membrane potential ( m) contribute independently to the proton-motive force...

Classical Homeopathy is a system of medical treatment that offers a safe and effective approach to a wide variety of health problems. It involves giving very tiny doses (microdoses) of natural substances to a patient to stimulate his or her own internal healing mechanisms including, but not limited to, the immune system. A good example of the difference between this approach and that of convent...

From an adaptation perspective, unoccupied patches of morphological space are inferred to be empty because they are of low fitness and selected against. These inferences hinge on venturesome assumptions, because emptiness is explained by low fitness and low fitness is inferred from emptiness. Moreover, non-adaptive factors, such as developmental constraint, could also plausibly account for empt...

Programmable graphics hardware is growing in capability and flexibility at a rapid pace. Existing languages for programming this hardware make it difficult at best to build collections of custom graphics algorithms that can be combined as needed. We present a pure functional shading language, Renaissance, that uses the concepts of computational frequency and frequency inference to naturally all...