Lysosomes support cellular homeostasis by degrading macromolecules and recycling nutrients. In this issue, Johnson et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201507112) reveal a heterogeneity in lysosomal pH and degradative ability that correlates with lysosome subcellular localization, raising questions about the functional implications and mechanisms underlying these observations.

We show a principled way of deriving online learning algorithms from a minimax analysis. Various upper bounds on the minimax value, previously thought to be non-constructive, are shown to yield algorithms. This allows us to seamlessly recover known methods and to derive new ones, also capturing such “unorthodox” methods as Follow the Perturbed Leader and the R forecaster. Understanding the inhe...

Frequent constraint violations on the data stored in a database may suggest that the semantics of the represented reality is changing. In this work we propose a methodology and a tool, based on data mining, to maintain the integrity constraints specified at design time, in order to adjust them to the evolutions of the modeled reality that may occur during the database life. The approach we prop...

We consider the problem of designing efficient regularization algorithms when regularization is encoded by a (strongly) convex functional. Unlike classical penalization methods based on a relaxation approach, we propose an iterative method where regularization is achieved via early stopping. Our results show that the proposed procedure achieves the same recovery accuracy as penalization methods...

“Just relax and concentrate on your breathing” is a comment that is heard by almost all patients attending an emergency department with an exacerbation of acute asthma. It’s meant to reassure the patient but has exactly the opposite effect. I have severe asthma and often have to attend my local emergency department with acute attacks. These attacks leave me struggling to breathe; sitting up is ...

The maintenance of genomic integrity requires the precise identification and repair of DNA damage. Since DNA is packaged and condensed into higher order chromatin, the events associated with DNA damage recognition and repair are orchestrated within the layers of chromatin. Very similar to transcription, during DNA repair, chromatin remodelling events and histone modifications act in concert to ...

We show a principled way of deriving online learning algorithms from a minimax analysis. Various upper bounds on the minimax value, previously thought to be non-constructive, are shown to yield algorithms. This allows us to seamlessly recover known methods and to derive new ones. Our framework also captures such “unorthodox” methods as Follow the Perturbed Leader and the R forecaster. We emphas...

A traditional distinction among markup languages is how descriptive or prescriptive they are. We identify six levels along the descriptive/prescriptive spectrum. Schemas at a specific level of descriptiveness that we call "Descriptive No Order" (DNO) specify a list of allowable elements, their number and requiredness, but do not impose any order upon them. We have defined a pattern-based model ...

XML mark-up is used in a wide range of applications and in particular for data transfer via the Internet. XML textbooks and web-based tutorials typically introduce XML mark-up by the use of examples and the rules for well-formed XML, e.g. XML Tutorial. According to this popular presentation at W3schools.com