The asymptotic behavior of the solutions to a neutral difference equation of the form

Consider the sequence of polesA = {α1, α2, . . .}, and suppose the rational functions φj with poles in A form an orthonormal system with respect to a Hermitian positive-definite inner product. Further, assume the φj satisfy a three-term recurrence relation. Let the rational function φ j\1 with poles in {α2, α3, . . .} represent the associated rational function of φj of order 1; i.e. the φ (1) j...

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We study branching random walks in random i.i.d. environment in Zd, d ≥ 1. For this model, the population size cannot decrease, and a natural definition of recurrence is introduced. We prove a dichotomy for recurrence/transience, depending only on the support of the environmental law. We give sufficient conditions for recurrence and for transience. In the recurrent case, we study the asymptotic...

The solvability of a k-dimensional system of difference equations of interest, which extends several recently studied ones, is investigated. A general sufficient condition for the solvability of the system is given, considerably extending some recent results in the literature.

The Legendre-Stirling numbers are the coeffi cients in the integral Lagrangian symmetric powers of the classical Legendre second-order differential expression. In many ways, these numbers mimic the classical Stirling numbers of the second kind which play a similar role in the integral powers of the classical second-order Laguerre differential expression. In a recent paper, Andrews and Littlejoh...