The work introduces a simple framework to study the relationship between competition and incentives under non-exclusivity. We characterize the equilibria of an insurance market where intermediaries compete over the contracts they offer to a single consumer in the presence of moral hazard. Non-exclusivity is responsible for under-insurance and positive profits in an otherwise competitive set-up....

Young infants show unexplained asymmetries in the exclusivity of categories formed on the basis of visually presented stimuli. A connectionist model is described that shows similar exclusivity asymmetries when categorizing the same stimuli presented to infants. The asymmetries can be explained in terms of an associative learning mechanism, distributed internal representations, and the statistic...

During the second year of life, infants develop a ‘mutual exclusivity’ bias to attach novel object labels to novel, nameunknown objects, rather than familiar, name-known objects (Markman, 1989). In an intermodal preferential looking experiment with 19.5and 22.5-month-old infants, stimulus repetition was critical for observing mutual exclusivity. On the first occasion that a novel label was pres...

MOTIVATION The somatic mutations in the pathways that drive cancer development tend to be mutually exclusive across tumors, providing a signal for distinguishing driver mutations from a larger number of random passenger mutations. This mutual exclusivity signal can be confounded by high and highly variable mutation rates across a cohort of samples. Current statistical tests for exclusivity that...

Breast-feeding has been suggested to be associated with lower risks of obesity in older children and adults. We assessed whether the duration and exclusiveness of breast-feeding are associated with early postnatal growth rates and the risks of overweight and obesity in preschool children. The present study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards...

Studies reveal a strong relationship between personality and preferred musical genre. Our study explored this relationship using a new methodology: genre dispersion among people’s mobile-phone music collections. By analyzing the download behaviours of genre-defined user subgroups, we investigated the following questions: (1) do genre-preferring subgroups show distinct patterns of genre consumpt...

A strategy activated in one task may be transferred to subsequent tasks and prevent activation of other strategies that would otherwise come to mind, a mechanism referred to as procedural priming. In a novel application of procedural priming we show that it can make or break cognitive illusions. Our test case is the 1/k illusion, which is based on the same unwarranted mathematical shortcut as t...

H do firms develop marketing strategy when consumers seek to satisfy both quality and status-related considerations? We develop an analytical model to study this issue, examining both pricing and product management decisions in markets for conspicuous durable goods. Our analysis yields many interesting and nontrivial insights. First, we demonstrate that high intrinsic quality indirectly generat...

With the growing popularity of the Internet, unsolicited electronic mail (spam) has become a major concern. It fills up user’s mailboxes, clogs mail relays, wastes postmaster time, and creates ill will for sites that have been used as a relay. Most sites want to filter spam before they receive it but filtering spam is hard to do without filtering legitimate mail messages. This paper discusses w...

BACKGROUND Determinants of breastfeeding (BF) exclusivity at a rural Egyptian setting are largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess BF indicators, specifically exclusivity and the timely complementary feeding while assessing potential determinants that affect exclusivity of BF among a sample of mothers inhabiting Egyptian rural communities. METHODS A community based cross-se...