A meta-analysis comparing the persuasiveness of one-sided and two-sided messages was conducted. Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model it was hypothesized that audience favorability would moderate the effectiveness of the messages. However, the Discounting Hypothesis predicted increased persuasiveness for the two-sided message. The analysis Indicated the existence of two types of operational...

Let Ω be a set of unsatisfiable clauses, an implicit resolution refutation of Ω is a circuit β with a resolution proof α of the statement “β describes a correct tree-like resolution refutation of Ω”. We show that such a system is p-equivalent to Extended Frege. More generally, let τ be a tautology, a [P,Q]-proof of τ is a pair (α, β) s.t. α is a P -proof of the statement “β is a circuit describ...

Given an unsatisfiable k-CNF formula φ we consider two complexity measures in Resolution: width and total space. The width is the minimal W such that there exists a Resolution refutation of φ with clauses of at most W literals. The total space is the minimal size T of a memory used to write down a Resolution refutation of φ, where the size of the memory is measured as the total number of litera...

We introduce principles 2VR and 2VR which imply reflection for, respectively, the CNFs and the narrow CNFs refutable in the depth-1 propositional LK system PK1. We give a polynomial-size refutation of their negations 2VR and 2VR in the system PK1 and show an exponential lower bound on the size of their resolution refutations. We conjecture that they have no small Res(log) refutations; this woul...

In this study, we examined the conditions under which readers are able to transfer revised knowledge as a result of reading refutation texts (i.e. that explicitly state and refute misconception). Across three experiments, participants read addressed socioscientific nonsocioscientific issues well were designed reactivate misconceptions in texts. Experiments 1 2, results indicate text reduces int...

The goal of the MKRP project is the development of a theorem prover which can be used as an inference engine in various applications, in particular it should be capable of proving significant mathematical theorems. Our first implementation, the Markgraf Karl Refutation Procedure1 (MKRP) realizes some of the ideas we have developed to this end. It is a general purpose resolution based deduction ...

Abstract This paper defends an interpretation of Plato, Soph . 259c7–d7, which describes a distinction between genuine and pretender forms ‘examination’ or ‘refutation’ ( ἔλεγχος ). The passage speaks to need, throughout the dialogue, differentiate truly philosophical method from merely eristic method. But its contribution has been obscured by appearance textual problem at 259c7–8. As result, s...