Objective To explore the process of refuse decomposition in hybrid bioreactor landfill. Methods The bioreactor landfill was operated in sequencing of facultative-anaerobic and aerobic conditions with leachate recirculation. pH, COD, and ammonia in the leachate and pH, biodegradable organic matter (BDM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in refuse were detected. Results CEC increased gradually ...

The author suggests that by providing ventilators (or other equipment) with a mechanism which would automatically switch them off, (thus allowing the patient to die without the intervention of another human being switching the machine off) doctors would somehow be spared the moral dilemma and responsibility of acceding to a patient's request for a life-support system to be withdrawn. This "lega...

A prominent theory of wage rigidity claims that a social norm against underbidding may prevent wages from falling to market clearing levels. This social norm may therefore cause downwardly rigid wages and involuntary unemployment. Recently performed questionnaire studies have thrown doubt on the conjecture that there is a social norm against underbidding. In this paper we experimentally show th...