Composting is a technique that is used to convert organic waste into agriculturally useful products. Composting is an aerobic, solid-state biological process, which typically can be divided into two phases, a high-rate composting phase and a curing phase. High-rate composting plays an important role during the composting process, owing to the high microbial activity occurring during this phase....

This study compared the environmental impacts of composting yard wastes in windrows with using them in place of soil as alternative daily cover (ADC) in landfills. The Life Cycle Assessment was made using the SimaPro LCA software and showed that the ADC scenario is more beneficial for the environment than windrow composting. ADC use is also a less costly means of disposal of yard wastes. This f...

The generation of green waste is increasing rapidly with population growth in China, and green waste is commonly treated by composting. The objective of this work was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of composted green waste as affected by a two-stage composting process and by the addition of brown sugar (at 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and calcium superphosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O) (at 0...

Composting biodegradable material is an effective means of reducing landfill waste and improving the state of the environment. To encourage the use of public compost bins, two interventions were introduced in community shopping center food courts and a local, independently owned fast food restaurant: tabletop signs outlining the benefits of composting and models who demonstrated the behavior. W...

Generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to rise, which leads to loss of resources and increased environmental risks. The conventional treatment of wastes such as open dumping and land filling cause environmental degradation. Since the major fraction of wastes generated in India is organic wastes, composting has emerged as one of the best methods for treatment of wastes. Composting, ...

Normally, manures are composted with amendments. However, a large commercial egg producer in Ohio i s composting unamended chicken manure. Studies were done to characterize this composting, both in situ and in pilot-scale vessels. While overly wet material can hamper initial operation, the general progression dries the material and produces a granular output that is below 20 percent (wet basis)...

The objective of this study was to investigate indoor air quality in a completely covered enclosure used for the aerobic composting of organic wastes originating from vegetable, fruit, and garden refuse. Samples of gases and vapors were taken in the ventilation exhaust ducts. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected on Tenax absorbent; after thermal desorption they were analyzed by gas ...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an increasing cause of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in pig manure composting plants located in Spain. For this purpose, a total of 594 samples were taken in 54 sampling sessions from the different stages of composting treatment in these plants as follows: slurry reception ponds, anaerobic ponds,...

The primary objective of this study was to critically review published literature related to studies of airborne microorganisms or their constituent parts (bioaerosols) associated with organic waste composting facilities, and to establish whether there is a risk to worker health from the inhalation of these bioaerosols. The review aimed to identify the personnel at risk on compost sites, identi...

The proximate and ultimate analyses of 20 constitu­ ents of municipal and commercial refuse are presented, to .. gether with the calorific values. The analyses are useful o incinerator engineers as they are the basis for calcu­ Jating air requirements, flue .. gas volumes, and heat and material balances. The analyses of components of refuse permit the calculation of composite analyses of mixed ...