Numerous malpractice lawsuits have been filed against health care providers by patients who claimed that, upon suffering a serious injury after refusing care, they did not fully understand the potential consequences of such refusal. In a typical situation, a patient alleges that the health care provider was negligent in not fully disclosing the risks of treatment refusal. Coupled with this alle...

he topic of vaccine refusal has received worldwide attention in recent years. Vaccine T attitudes span a continuum from complete acceptance to complete rejection. Vaccine refusal (rejection of all vaccines) is at the extreme end, whereas vaccine-hesitant individuals are a more heterogeneous group, with some opting to fully vaccinate despite substantial concerns while others are more selective. ...

Research outlets are increasingly adopting open data policies as a requisite for publication, including studies with human subjects data. We investigated whether open data policies influence participants' rate of consent by randomly assigning participants to view consent forms with and without discussion of open data policies. No participants declined to participate, regardless of condition, no...

BACKGROUND In any country, part of the population is sceptical about the utility of vaccination. To develop successful vaccination programmes, it is important to study and understand the defining characteristics of vaccine sceptics. Research till now mainly focused either on the underlying motives of vaccine refusal, or on socio-demographic differences between vaccine sceptics and non-sceptics....

Female twin pairs were identified from birth records, and their families invited to participate in a prospective study of the determinants of alcohol problems in women. We investigated sampling biases arising because of failure to locate families, or non-cooperation of families. Out of 2644 families with a live-born pair (born between July 1975 and December 1986) who survived beyond infancy, co...

background: medication errors are mentioned as the most common important challenges threatening healthcare system in all countries worldwide. this study is conducted to investigate the most significant factors in refusal to report medication errors among nursing staff. methods: the cross-sectional study was conducted on all nursing staff of a selected education& treatment center in 2013. data w...

Abstract This paper sets out to unpack the pragmatic structure of refusal—its illocutionary nature, success conditions, and normative effects. I argue that our ordinary concept refusal captures a whole family illocutions, comprising acts such as rejecting, declining, like, which share property being ‘negative second-turn illocutions’. Only proper refusals (i.e. negative replies permission reque...