The carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K-edge spectra were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine by total electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (TEY NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The bulk solution pH was systematically varied while maintaining a constant amino acid concentration. Spectra were assigned through comparisons with both previous studies and ab initio computed spectra of isol...

Even though research has shown that the spectral parameters of yellow-edge, red-edge and NIR (near-infrared) shoulder wavelength regions are able to estimate green cover leaf area index (LAI), a large amount dead materials in grasslands challenges accuracy their estimation using hyperspectral remote sensing. However, exact impact vegetation on these remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated infl...

Passive optical hyperspectral remote sensing of plant pigments offers potential for understanding plant ecophysiological processes across a range of spatial scales. Following a number of decades of research in this field, this paper undertakes a systematic meta-analysis of 85 articles to determine whether passive optical hyperspectral remote sensing techniques are sufficiently well developed to...

A conjecture of Erdős, Gyárfás, and Pyber says that in any edge-colouring of a complete graph with r colours, it is possible to cover all the vertices with r vertexdisjoint monochromatic cycles. So far, this conjecture has been proven only for r = 2. In this paper we show that in fact this conjecture is false for all r ≥ 3. In contrast to this, we show that in any edge-colouring of a complete g...

We consider a generalization of Turán’s theorem for edge-colored graphs. Suppose that R (red) and B (blue) are graphs on the same vertex set of size n. We conjecture that if R and B each have more than (1− 1/k)n/2 edges, and K is a (k+ 1)-clique whose edges are arbitrarily colored with red and blue, then R ∪B contains a colored copy of K, for all k + 1 6∈ {4, 6, 8}. If k + 1 ∈ {4, 6, 8}, then t...

When alveoli are inflated, the stretched alveolar walls draw their capillaries into oval cross sections. This causes the disk-shaped red blood cells to be oriented near alveolar gas, thereby minimizing diffusion distance. We tested these ideas by measuring red blood cell orientation in histological slides from rapidly frozen rat lungs. High lung inflation did cause the capillaries to have oval ...

We have examined the occurrence of extremely red objects (EROs) in the fields of 13 luminous quasars (11 radio-loud and two radio-quiet) at 1.8 < z < 3.0. The average surface density of Ks 19 mag EROs is 2–3 times higher than in large, random-field surveys, and the excess is significant at the 3 level even after taking into account that the ERO distribution is highly inhomogeneous. This is the ...

Consider a planar straight line graph (PSLG), G, with k connected components, k 2. We show that if no component is a singleton, we can always find a vertex in one component that sees an entire edge in another component. This implies that when the vertices of G are colored, so that adjacent vertices have different colors, then (1) we can augment G with k−1 edges so that we get a color conforming...