In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Li et al (2011) show that the axon initial segment (AIS) functions as a retrograde trafficking barrier, or axonal rectifier, to exclude axonal Tau from re-entry into the somatodendritic compartment. They elucidate the molecular basis of this rectification by showing that hyperphosphorylation of Tau permits it to detach from microtubules (MTs) and bypass the re...

Corticostriatal circuits through the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play key roles in complex human behaviors such as evaluation, affect regulation and reward-based decision-making. Importantly, the medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC) circuits have functionally and anatomically distinct connectivity profiles which differentially contribute to the various aspects of goal-directed behavior. OFC co...

AIM To assess whether higher sensitivity of colonic epithelium to hypoxia at the serosal side is associated with oxygen transfer asymmetry. METHODS Rats were fed either with normal chow or a low-sodium diet. Tissues were mounted as flat sheets in a modified, airtight Ussing chamber with oxygen meters in each hemichamber. Mucosal samples from normal diet animals were studied under control cond...

a new output structure for class e power amplifier (pa) is proposed in this paper. a series lc resonator circuit, tuned near the second harmonic of the operating frequency is added to the output circuit. this resonator causes low impedance at the second harmonic. the output circuit is designed to shape the switch voltage of the class e amplifier and lower the voltage stress of the transistor. t...

To the article “Analysis of Performance and Updating a Rectifying Column for Hydrofined Diesel Fuel Stabilization,” by A. S. Bondarenko, M. Kalimgulova, N. Samoilov, Vol. 56, Nos. 11-12, pp. 873–879, March, 2021

nowadays, high-voltage circuit breakers have reached such high short-circuit capabilities that testing them under the full rated voltage is generally not possible with direct tests, and they are conducted by using the synthetic test methods. although the phenomena associated with making tests is of particular importance especially in case of load break switches, but making tests are rather disr...