XRCC genes (X-ray cross-complementing group) were discovered mainly for their roles in protecting mammalian cells against damage caused by ionizing radiation. Studies determined that these genes are important in the genetic stability of DNA. Although the loss of some of these genes does not necessarily confer high levels of sensitivity to radiation, they have been found to represent important c...

Activating KRAS mutations are detected in a substantial number of hematologic malignancies. In a murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model, we previously showed that expression of oncogenic Kras induced a premalignant state accompanied with an arrest in T-cell differentiation and acquisition of somatic Notch1 mutations. These findings prompted us to investigate whether the expres...

OBJECTIVE The polymorphism in codon 399 of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene may subtly alter structure of DNA repair enzymes and modulate the repair capacity. Impaired DNA repair can lead to the development of cancers such as prostate cancer (PCA). Although the association between the XRCC1 codon 399 polymorphism and PCA risk has been extensively reported, the results h...

Genetic variations in DNA repair genes are thought to modulate DNA repair capacity and are suggested to be related to cancer risk. However, epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent. The authors conducted meta-analyses of associations between genes in the base excision repair pathway and cancer risk, focusing on three key genes: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic end...

The role of base excision repair (BER) genes in Philadelphia-negative (PN)-myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) susceptibility was evaluated by genotyping eight polymorphisms [apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1, mutY DNA glycosylase, earlier mutY homolog (E. coli) (MUTYH), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1, PARP4 and X-ray repair cross-complementing...

In this review, we would like to introduce a unique approach for the estimation of radioadaptation. Recently, we proposed a new methodology for evaluating the repair efficiency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) using a model system. The model system can trace the fate of a single DSB, which is introduced within intron 4 of the TK gene on chromosome 17 in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells by the ex...

Rad52 is a DNA-binding protein that stimulates the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA. Only the N terminus of Rad52 is evolutionarily conserved; it contains the core activity of the protein, including its DNA-binding activity. To identify amino acid residues that are important for Rad52 function(s), we systematically replaced 76 of 165 amino acid residues in the N terminus with alan...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the associations of genetic polymorphisms of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) rs11615, xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD/ERCC2) rs13181, X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) rs25487, XRCC3 rs1799794, and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) rs1799966 from the DNA repair pathway and multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1/ABCB1) ...

We define semantic comple=ity using a new concept of mesni~g automata. We measure the semantic complexity of understanding of prepositional phrases, of aa "in depth understanding system", and ofa :natural language interface to an on-line calendar. We argue that it is possible to measure some semantic complexities of-natural langu~e processin8 systems before building them, and that.systems:that ...