Histone modifications play a complex role in the regulation of transcription. Recent studies (Duncan et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008) reveal that regulation of histone modifications can be functionally linked to reinforce the activation or repression of gene expression.

SIGNIFICANCE The understanding of physiological and pathological processes involving protein oxidation, particularly under conditions of aging and oxidative stress, can be aided by proteomic identification of proteins that accumulate oxidative post-translational modifications only if these detected modifications are connected to functional consequences. The modification of tyrosine (Tyr) residu...

Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. The complexity of carcinogenesis cannot be accounted for by genetic alterations alone but also involves epigenetic changes. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without altering the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable and reversible, and include change...

After transcription, a large number of cellular RNAs employ modifications to increase their diversity and functional potential. Modifications can occur on the base, ribose, or both, and are important steps in the maturation of many RNAs. Our lab recently showed that plant microRNAs (miRNAs) possess a 2'-O-methyl group on the ribose of the 3' terminal nucleotide, and that this methyl group is ad...

Viral life cycles are often coordinated by precise mechanisms that act on their RNA. For example, the microRNA miR-122 interacts with the viral RNA genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is required for HCV replication [1]. In the past year, several groups have reported a new RNA regulatory control to viral infection—the posttranscriptional RNA modification N6methyladenosine (mA). This reversibl...

Proteins are an essential element in the human diet. As food ingredients, they are primarily sourced from plants and animals; important sources include cereals, meat, poultry, fish and dairy. Proteomics offers a powerful new way to characterise the protein component of foods. Proteomics not only reveals which proteins are expressed in each tissue type, it also allows the investigation of differ...

The twist construction is a geometric T-duality that produces new manifolds from old, works well with for example hypercomplex structures and is easily inverted. It tends to destroy properties such as the hyperKähler condition. On the other hand modifications preserve the hyperKähler property, but do not have an obvious inversion. In this paper we show how elementary deformations provide a link...

Lipid modifications of proteins (Fig. 1) are widespread and functionally important in eukaryotic cells. For example, many intracellular proteins such as the signal-transducing heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) and the Ras superfamily of G proteins are modified by 14or 16-carbon fatty acids and/or 15or 20-carbon isoprenoids. Also, a variety of cell surface proteins such as acetylc...

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