To reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of gear rattling vibration caused by backlash, a 2-DOF oscillator model with spring and damping elements was established. Based on theory discontinuous dynamical systems, phase plane motion divided into three parts: domain tooth surface meshing motion, free back motion. Introducing global mapping local dynamics method, process teeth from impact to then a...

On approaching the glass transition, the microscopic kinetic unit spends increasing time rattling in the cage of the first neighbors, whereas its average escape time, the structural relaxation time tau(alpha), increases from a few picoseconds up to thousands of seconds. A thorough study of the correlation between tau(alpha) and the rattling amplitude, expressed by the Debye-Waller factor, was c...

The western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox can rattle its tail continuously for hours at frequencies approaching 90 Hz. We examined the basis of these fast sustainable contractions using electromyography, data on oxygen uptake and the quantitative ultrastructure of the tailshaker muscle complex. The tailshaker muscle has no apparent unique structures; rather, the relative proportions of...

This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more...

We present optical conductivity studies of the type-I clathrate Ba8Ga16Sn30, using a terahertz time-domain spectrometer (0.3-3.0 THz). The lowest-lying spectral peak at 0.72 THz due to the Ba(2) ion's off-center vibration in the oversized cage shows a drastic and anomalous temperature dependence. Below about 100 K, the single broad peak splits into two subpeaks, and with further lowering of the...

The high-temperature thermoelectric properties of thallium (Tl) and potassium (K) double-filled cobalt antimonide (CoSb3)-based skutterudites with nominal compositions TlxK0.3Co4Sb12 (x = 0.1 - 0.3) were investigated. The filling fraction of Tl in CoSb3 was enhanced by co-filling with K, which resulted in all of the samples showing the filled-skutterudite single phase. Owing to the high filling...

Dynamical motions of the guest ions in type-I clathrates Sr8Ga16Si(30-x)Gex and Ba8Ga16Si(30-x)Gex have been studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy, to clarify the role of guest vibration modes in these systems with unusual thermal transport behaviors. An anomalous decrease of the guest energies with decreasing temperature is observed for both systems. The Ge-doping expands the cage surroundi...

It consists of a block of wood 93 in. by 3 in. by 2 in. into which have been drilled forty-eight holes of j in. diameter in four rows of twelve. The top of the wooden rack is covered by a thin sheet of white plastic, drilled with holes of a similar size and position to those on the wooden block. Fixation on to the wood is secured by glue and six -brass screws. The plastic top has the advantage ...