Atmospheric impairments are a major obstacle in satellite communications at Ka-band in high latitude regions. This report gives a short summary of the existing models that can be used to model the impairments. Further a simple measurement system based on satellite beacon reception is designed using locally available and off-the-shelf components as well as locally manufactured ones. Performance ...

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in forest environments is examined in which both the transmitting and receiving points are located in the trunk layer of a four-layered anisotropic forest model. This propagation model considers the forest as a horizontally stratified, anisotropic media of canopy and trunk, bounded by ground below and air above. The electromagnetic fields are obtained using ...

This paper presents a scattering model, based on the Radiative Energy Transfer (RET), adapted to accommodate inhomogeneous vegetation volumes. The model is applied to a real size test forest, formed from 5 different tree species, randomly distributed throughout the test forest. The propagation model relies on four input parameters which were extracted from the different tree types forming the t...

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The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project was established jointly by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) in the late sixties with the goal to develop an international standard for the specification of plasma parameters in the Earth’s ionosphere. COSPAR needed such a specification for the evaluation of environmental effects on s...

We compute the isotropic radiation background due to Hawking emission from primordial black holes (PBHs), and examine if this is a viable option in explaining excess radiowave observed by ARCADE2 LWA1 experiments at $\lesssim 1\,$GHz. find that even under extreme assumption all of dark matter form PBHs, radio brightness temperature induced evaporation PBHs $\mathcal{O}(10^{-46})\,$K, highly sub...

The complex thermal history of the Moon leads to an unequal distribution volcanic products between lunar nearside and farside. So far, no materials have been sampled from Moon's farside detailed properties regolith on detected before. On January 3, 2019, Chang'E-4 (CE-4) touched down onto Von Kármán crater CE-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard Yutu-2 rover is first surface radar Here we sh...

The use of frequencies well into the extra high frequency (EHF) band (30–300 GHz) is a key element in 5G and beyond technologies. Rain attenuation major impairment affecting terrestrial radio links this band. In absence enough experimental measurements, rain can be estimated by using physical models radiowave scattering raindrops combined with information about raindrop size distributions (DSD)...

The LoRa standard is currently widely employed for low-power long-range wireless sensor networks at sub-GHz frequency bands. longer wavelengths associated with technology provide excellent radiowave propagation characteristics, yielding a much larger coverage than the higher In case of wearable sensors, 868 MHz band can be covered by textile substrate-integrated-waveguide antennas convenient si...