Accidental or intentional release of radioactive materials into the living or working environment may cause radioactive contamination. In nuclear medicine departments, radioactive contamination is usually due to radionuclides which emit high energy gamma photons and particles. These radionuclides have a broad range of energies and penetration capabilities. Rapid detection of radioactive contami...

background: separate radon and thoron measurements in soil are very important in assessment of internal exposure due to inhalation of such radioactive gases. materials and methods: in this study, a low cost, small size, passive diffusion chamber has been developed for simple measurement of radon-222 and radon-220(thoron) gases separately in soil. the diffusion chamber consists of two films and ...

In March 2011, enormous radioactive materials, mainly 137Cs, 129I, 90Sr and so on were released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after The Great East Japan Earthquake. Tap water, raw milk, vegetables, mushrooms, fruit, nuts, seaweed, marine invertebrates, fish, beef, wild animal meat, brown rice, wheat, tea leaves and other foodstuffs were contaminated by many radionuclides. In pa...

Radon causes lung cancer and the death rate is reaching high numbers every year, making it second most important cause of after tobacco use. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified radon as a carcinogenic substance that cancer. naturally occurring, radioactive found mostly in soil or rock. products obtained result decay are entering into body through respiratory tract. After, these e...

Although the application of radiotherapy techniques reduced normal lung tissue of exposure for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Radioactive Pneumonia (RP) and Pulmonary Fibrosis (RF) are still frequently occurred in the processes of lung cancer radiotherapy. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays a crucial role in the process of lung injury during RP in lung cancer patients. H...

Over 500 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed in Belarus between 1986 and 1995 among persons exposed as children (under 15 years of age) to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. There is little doubt that radioactive iodine isotopes emitted during the nuclear explosion and subsequent fire were instrumental in causing malignancy in this particular organ. Comparison of ...

The gradual growth of the use of radionuclides in nuclear medicine, since the decade of 70, and the consequent increase of liquid radioactive discharges for the urban sewer network, brought the necessity of revise the current maximum values for release of radioactive material in sewage systems, and to develop regulation to ensure the protection of man and the environment. According to the IAEAI...

The radioactive contamination of ZnWO4 crystal scintillators has been measured deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the INFN in Italy with a total exposure 3197 kg × h. Monte Carlo simulation, time-amplitude and pulse-shape analyses of the data have been applied to estimate the radioactive contamination of the ZnWO4 samples. One of the ZnWO4 crystals has also been te...

Spatial distributions of soil contamination by 137Cs (89 sampling points) and 239+240Pu (76 points) near and within Dolon village were analyzed. An essential exponential decrease of contamination was found in Dolon village: the distance of a half reduction in contamination is about 0.87-1.25 km (in a northwest-southeast direction from the supposed centerline of the radioactive trace). This fact...