The expected number of transmission (ETX) represents a routing metric that considers the highly variable link qualities for a specific radio in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To adapt to these differences, radio diversity is a recently explored solution for WSNs. In this paper, we propose an energy balancing metric which explores the diversity in link qualities present at different radios. Th...

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) the spontaneous creation of a wireless network for data exchange to the domain of vehicles. Routing protocols are use to communicates between the nodes. After that we introduce the cognitive radio network. Cognitive radio is an intelligent radio that can be programmed and configured dyna...

Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MRMC) WMNs result in power control problems including interference, un-scalable connectivity and energyconsumption. Several previous studies have focused on the single radio wireless configurations while studying power control problems. However, such contributions can not solve the power control problems in MRMC configurations because of the architectural and structur...

In this research paper we have designed Interference Model for Scheduling Algorithm in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), which is very much essential during the development of 4G. [1]. Also we shove radio resource management (RRM) in CDMA based cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Two types of CDMA based wireless networks are Cognitive radio networks (CRNs), and. Cooperative communication networks. ...

We describe and evaluate an energy-efficient protocol for routing traffic in frequency-hop (FH) store-and-forward packet radio networks that employ an adaptive transmission protocol. The adaptive transmission protocol allows the radios to adjust the power in the transmitted signal and the rate of a Reed-Solomon code to respond to variations in partial-band interference and propagation loss. Rou...

Today’s power consumption is the critical issue in MANET. Since, we have limited battery power to operate nodes. Due to the lack of power (Energy), the nodes “die out” from the network. Recently, power control in mobile ad hoc networks has been the focus of extensive research. Energy of nodes is consumed according to transmission power required by the radios. In this paper, we develop a mechani...

Corresponding Author: Inderdeep Kaur Aulakh University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Email: [email protected] Abstract: The constraint of limited frequency spectrum for wireless communication is very daunting. The radio spectrum licensed to permanent users is wasted at times when not used continuously. Cognitive radio technology involves a ch...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important public health problems in Tanzania and was declared as a national public health emergency in 2006. Community and individual knowledge and perceptions are critical factors in the control of the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge and perception on the transmission of TB in Tanzania. Multinomial Logistic Regression analy...

In this paper, the concept of MIMO is integrated with the existing cognitive radio network to enhance the communication utility of the secondary user. Water filling algorithm based power control is proposed to improve the transmission capacity of the cognitive system without degrading the primary user’s quality of service. Considering the interference constraint of the primary user, an optimal ...

Objective(s): Taking advantage of high atomic number of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation dose absorbing, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out on using them as radio-sensitizer. In spite of noticeable dose enhancement by GNPs at keV energies, using this energy range for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors is outdated. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect ...