Radiation monitoring and measurement are important for radiation safety. Such must be carried out in order to investigate workplace conditions individual exposures, ensure that radiological the acceptable, safe, satisfactory, keep records of over a long period time accordance with regulations or as good practice. However, instruments system expensive. A cost-effective using Geiger Muller (GM) d...

Late cardiac morbidity and mortality among left breast cancer survivors treated with radiation therapy is related to cardiac volume included in the radiation portals. To determine if respiratory maneuvers can help decrease cardiac volume included in the radiation portals for left-sided breast cancer, 17 women with breast cancer, who had undergone left breast radiation therapy, underwent cardiac...

magnetic resonance imaging (mri) uses a constant magnetic field and radio waves, a non-invasive method for examining tissues, organs and the skeletal system. the advantages and disadvantages of mri is not fully understood. in the computerized tumor (ct) scan, as an invasive method, the x-rays of the body is used for tomography; which different x-ray attenuation coefficient in tissues as well as...

laser is one of the sources that induce a biological effect in higher plants. the positive effect of laser on some crops has been proved. this research was carried out to study the effect of laser radiation on the accumulation of proline in spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. kavir) under different nacl treatment levels. semi-coherent red beam, infrared beam and one-second harmonics of neodymiu...

Since Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discovered X-rays in 1895 followed by Big-Bang breakthrough of researches in modern physics, radiation has become part of human life more than one century. For common populations, the medical radiation is probably the most well-known application of this basic physic research. As a powerful weapon in clinical, radiation has been widely used in diagnosis and therapy. ...

Ionizing radiation affects the metabolism of the nucleic acids (1). The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), measured by the incorporation of a tracer, is consistently depressed (2) while the response of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is quite variable (3). Since most studies of radiation effects on metabolism have been done with extremely high doses of whole-body x-radiation, the results may be c...

The goal in external beam radiotherapy for cancer is to maximize tumor-damage while limiting toxic effects of radiation on nearby healthy anatomies. This is achieved through spatial localization and temporal dispersion of radiation dose. Once a radiation intensity profile that achieves the maximum possible spatial localization is designed at the beginning of a multi-week treatment-course, the t...

raditional radiation therapy (RT) typically delivers radiation to a wide target field within the body resulting in the treatment of both the tumor and a significant volume of surrounding healthy tissue. This technology is ideal for tumors that invade the surrounding tissue and when tumor margins are not well defined. In an effort to protect the healthy tissue, traditional RT is delivered in sma...