At sea level normally menstruating women show increased ventilation (VE) and hemodynamic changes due to increased progesterone (P) and estrogen (E2) levels during the mid-luteal (L) compared to the mid-follicular (F) phase of the ovarian cycle. Such changes may affect maximal exercise performance. This repeated-measures, randomized study, conducted at 3600 m, tests the hypothesis that a P-media...

BACKGROUND Strength of graft fixation is the weakest link in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS There is no difference in initial fixation strength between different hamstring tendon graft femoral fixation devices. STUDY DESIGN Randomized experimental study. METHODS Each of six devices was used in the fixation of 10 quadrupled human semitendinosus-gracilis tendon grafts...

Background: Estradiol and progesterone as well as hippocampal GABAA receptors are believed to play a role in the modulation of pain. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of intrahippocampal injections of GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol) and GABAA receptor antagonist (picrotoxin) on pain sensitivity during estrous cycle. Methods: Pain sensitivity was evaluated in rats ...

Recently, environmental concern and demand for a catalyst’s high performance have increased and many research activities focused on the operation of a three-way catalyst (TWC) at the end of its lifetime. Catalyst aging is the loss of catalytic activity over time that has crucial importance in emission of three-way catalyst.  The aim of this paper is, investigating experimentally the performanc...

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, and the recoverin-specific autoantibody is suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of retinopathy, including apoptosis of retinal cells. Because it is known that CAR(+) cancer patients have a preferable prognosis, we hypothesized that aberrantly expressed recoverin in cancer cells can become a target of cytotoxic T lymph...

This study examined the effects of regular, moderate exercise on mood states and menstrual cycle symptoms. A group of female regular exercisers (N = 97), and a second group of female nonexercisers (N = 159), completed the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV) premenstrually, menstrually and intermenstrually. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANC...

a bstract background: recent attempts have been focused on employing chemical and natural supplemental agents for treatment of cyclic mastalgia. among various agents, the potential effects of vitamins remain questionable. in the present study, we examined the efficacy of two types of these vitamin supplements (vitamin e and vitamin b6) in improving pain severity in cyclic mastalgia.   materials...

BACKGROUND Tibial fixation is more problematic than femoral fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS There is no difference in initial fixation strength among hamstring tendon graft tibial fixation devices. STUDY DESIGN Randomized experimental study. METHODS Each of six devices used to fix 120 quadrupled human semitendinosus-gracilis tendon grafts into porcine tib...