Theoretically, in order to describe the behavior of a spectrum, a mathematical model whichcould predict the spectrum characteristics is needed. Since in this study a Two-state system has beenused like models which was introduced previously past and could couple with the environment, theformer ideas have been extended in this study. we use the second quantized version for writing thisHamiltonian...

Recently, codes over some special finite rings especially chain rings have been studied. More recently, codes over finite non-chain rings have been also considered. Study on codes over such rings or rings in general is motivated by the existence of some special maps called Gray maps whose images give codes over fields. Quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes play a crucial role in protecting quantum ...

quantum theory poses itself to be a challenging counterpart to the intelligent design argument. quantum physics founded upon uncertainty, probability and statistics has exerted great influence since its inception on the philosophical thinking of man. the findings of this theory has helped bring about a dramatic transformation in the notion of ‘order in nature.’ in modern physics, it is hardly p...

In this paper, we have investigated the dependence of the spectral entanglement and indistinguishability of photon pairs produced by the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) procedure on the bandwidth of spectral filters used in the detection setup. The SPDC is a three-wave mixing process which occurs in a nonlinear crystal and generates entangled photon pairs and utilizes as one of th...