Previous studies have been conducted in developed countries, and only a few are developing countries. Furthermore, contribution of this is that the mediating role environmental education considered present study. This study aimed to identify between internal management, supplier selection, green packaging on sustainable supply chain performance Pakistan. A total 250 chemical companies filled ou...

We analyze a time series of global temperature anomaly distributions to identify and estimate persistent features in climate change. In our study, temperature densities, obtained from globally distributed data over the period from 1850 to 2012, are regarded as a time series of functional observations that are changing over time. We employ a formal test for the existence of functional unit roots...

The principle of adaptation in a noisy retrieval environment is extended here to a diluted attractor neural network of Q-state neurons trained with noisy data. The network is adapted to an appropriate noisy training overlap and training activity, which are determined self-consistently by the optimized retrieval attractor overlap and activity. The optimized storage capacity and the corresponding...

We examine the long-term impacts of drought on local labor markets in Brazil. Using rainfall data going back over a century, we build contemporaneous and historical drought indices for more than 3,000 local areas, and examine them in conjunction with five waves of population census data spanning 1970−2010. Results from a differencein-differences design reveal that increased drought frequency in...

We derive a general framework for cost-benefit analysis and social discounting in a setting with intertemporally dependent preferences. Here, the marginal contribution of an additional unit of consumption in some period depends on what is consumed in the other periods. We use a simple model of history dependent preferences to analyze how habit formation affects the social rate of discount. Gett...

The sources of economic growth and development have been puzzling economists from the modern dawn of the profession. While the Solow-Swan neo-classical model dominated research on growth in the 1960s and 1970s, the 1980s saw the emergence of growth theories that disputed, largely on theoretical grounds, the Solow-Swan assumptions and conclusions. In this paper, we do not examine the determinant...

Climate policy poses a dilemma for environmental economists. The economic argument for stringent GHG abatement is far from clear. There is disagreement among both climate scientists and economists over the likelihood of alternative climate outcomes, over the nature and extent of the uncertainty over those outcomes, and over the framework that should be used to evaluate potential benefits from G...

Should public assets such as infrastructure, education, and the environment earn the same return as private investments? We consider if time-inconsistent decisionmakers can gain from institutions that enforce cost-benefit rules on large projects that influence the economy as a whole. Long-term public investments provide commitment to current preferences, leading to investment biases in such ass...

Uncertainty has an almost negligible impact on project value in the standard economic model. I show that a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty and uncertainty attitude changes this picture fundamentally. The illustration of this result relies on the discount rate, which is the crucial determinant in balancing immediate costs against future benefits, and the single most important determinant...

Climate policy poses a dilemma for environmental economists. The economic argument forstringent greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement is far from clear. There is disagreement amongboth climate scientists and economists concerning the likelihood of alternative climateoutcomes, the nature and extent of the uncertainty of those outcomes, and the frameworkthat should be used to evaluate po...