introduction: gastrointestinal endoscopy is  as a diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in children. due to severe response and spastic in  the muscles of the digestive tract is created during endoscopy,endoscopy is often face with difficult. the aim of this study is to evaluate peppermint impact in pyloric spasm in children undergo endoscopy.   material and methods: in this clin...

Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically present at 2 to 4 weeks of age with nonbilious projectile vomiting. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is exceedingly rare in newborn infants and is scarcely reported in literature. Also, the diagnostic criteria for ultrasonographic measurements in newborn infants have yet to be determined. This report is of a newborn infant with hypertrophic pylo...

The effects of stimulating the modulatory proctolin-containing neurons (MPNs) on the pyloric rhythm of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis, were compared with those produced by exogenously applied proctolin. The effects of both MPN stimulation and proctolin applications depend on the preceding physiological state of the preparation. Both treatments increase the pyloric cycl...

1. In the lobster Palinurus vulgaris a sensory input in the lateral posterolateral nerve (lpln) of the stomatogastric nervous system (STS) is able to turn on the cardiac sac (CS) network and to induce dramatic long-lasting alterations in the output of the pyloric network. This long-lasting alteration of pyloric network output consists primarily of changes in the activity of the two neurons that...

? Previous studies have shown that the NO -cGMP pathway may be functionally relevant in the nodose ganglion and at afferent terminations of the vagus nerve. The technique of unilateral vagal ligations, using double ligatures, was combined with the techniques of NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, as an index of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and autoradiography using the radioligands 3 3 [ ...

Sik,?I shall feel obliged if you kindly publish this case in your esteemed Gazette. Ananta, a Hindu male, an inhabitant of Patna, aged 35, was admitted in the Mayo Hospital on the 16tli April 1910, for a swelling of ten months' duration in the upper part of the left side of the neck with a sinus. This swelling was supposed to be due to suppurating gland. He was put under chloroform for the oper...