This paper reviews the puzzles of insurance demand, and provides an overview behavioural-based explanations on concept underinsurance. In particular, study outlines biases (among myopia, narrow framing others) that help to explain existence those puzzles. The results indicate do motivate chances underinsurance through sub-optimal probability weighting or wrong estimation risks. We discuss liter...

XENO is a suite of programs which assist in the creation of crossword puzzles. It is an extension of a diagram filling program presented earlier. Complete puzzles can be produced under the control of a small number of parameters, clues being selected from an indexed file. It is possible to generate thematic puzzles by including keywords in the input parameters. Use of a tree searching method re...

Client puzzles have been proposed as a useful mechanism for mitigating Denial of Service attacks on network protocols. While several puzzles have been proposed in recent years, most existing nonparallelizable puzzles are based on modular exponentiations. The main drawback of these puzzles is in the high cost that they incur on the puzzle generator (the verifier). In this paper, we propose crypt...

This paper reports on the computational analysis of thin slices of video fragments showing children that solve either easy or hard mathematical puzzles. The objective of the analysis is to determine if head movements reveal whether the children consider the puzzle to be easy or hard. Our analysis method combines a facial-expression extraction method with a nonparametric classifier. Training and...

In combinatorial reconfiguration, the reconfiguration problems on a vertex subset (e.g., an independent set) are well investigated. these problems, some tokens placed of vertices graph, and there three natural rules called ``token sliding,'' jumping,'' addition removal''. context computational complexity puzzles, sliding block puzzles play important role. Depending set pieces, characterize clas...

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Sudoku is the new craze in logic puzzles. Players must fill in an n × n matrix, which contains some given entries, so that each row, column, and m ×m submatrix contains each integer 1 through n exactly once. Two issues associated with these puzzles interest us mathematically: puzzle solution and puzzle creation. A Sudoku puzzle can be solved by creating a feasibility problem where the goal is t...

We study a new reconfiguration problem inspired by classic mechanical puzzles: colored token is placed on each vertex of given graph; we are also set distinguished cycles the graph. tasked with rearranging tokens from initial configuration to final one using cyclic shift operations along cycles. first investigate large class graphs, which generalizes several puzzles, and give characterization c...

Tne paper discusses some issues related to model checking utility and reliability: (1) utility of model checking and games for solving puzzles, and (2) importance of games and puzzles for validation of model checkers.

We consider the problem of exchanging two similar strings held by different hosts with a minimum amount of communication. We reduce the problem of string reconciliation to a problem of multi-set reconciliation, for which nearly optimal solutions exist. Our approach involves transforming a string into a multi-set of substrings, which are reconciled efficiently and then put back together on a rem...