Negotiation has been extensively discussed in electronic commerce for decades. Recent growing interest in importing machine learning algorithm in electronic commerce has given increased importance to automated negotiation. A Tri-Training based algorithm was proposed to learn opponent’s negotiation preference. The process of negotiation was viewed as a proposal’s sequence which can be mapped int...

This paper presents a multilateral negotiation model on an agent-based job-marketplace developed at Europe-University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. The negotiation model is based on many negotiation issues, a fuzzy utility scoring method and simultaneous negotiation with many negotiation partners in an environment of limited negotiation time. Although the proposed negotiation model deals ...

This investigation examined the mixed effects of visual input enhancement, explicit instruction, pushed output, and corrective feedback on noticing and intake of English conjunctive adverbs. Participants included 83 intermediate EFL students enrolled in a grammar and writing course. They were assigned to a control group (n = 22), explicit instruction + pushed output + explicit corrective feedba...

Negotiation is a process of reaching an agreement on the terms of a transaction, such as price, quantity, for two or more parties. Negotiation tries to maximize the benefits for all parties concerned. Instead of using human-based negotiation, e-commerce provides such an environment as adopting automated negotiation. Thus, choosing agent technology is appropriate for an automatic electronic nego...

In dynamic and complex negotiation environments, a negotiation agent can participate or quit negotiation at any time and can reach an agreement with more than one trading partner as the result of the existence of dynamic outside options. Thus, it’s important for a negotiation agent to make a decision on when to complete negotiation given market dynamics. Rather than explicitly modelling all the...

E-negotiation handles negotiation over the Internet without human supervision and has shown effectiveness in concluding verifiable and more favorable agreements in a reasonably short time. In this chapter, the authors discuss the negotiation system and its components with particular emphasis on negotiation strategies. A negotiation strategy defines strategic tactics, which advise on the proper ...

Almost all businesses are involved in complex business processes including negotiation. To enter into a negotiation process, the protocol or rules of negotiation need to be established. In the negotiation mechanism, the negotiation protocol is one of the main issues in binding an agreement. This paper investigates the monotonic concession protocol, which is difficult to utilize in an automated ...