Pakistan, once a water-surplus country, is now a water deficit country. The water availability has decreased from 1,299 m3 per capita in 1996-97 to 1,100 m3 per capita in 2006 and it is projected to less than 700 m3 per capita by 2025. Therefore, search for other non-conventional water resources for irrigation i.e. wastewater, has become important. In Pakistan, domestic and industrial wastewate...

This paper reported the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. The system consisted of two treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF). The aquaculture wastewater with the different concentrations such as eutrophy and mesotrophy was treated using hybrid constructed wetland. The expe...

In many regions of the world, urban water systems will need to transition into fundamentally different forms to address current stressors and meet impending challenges-faster innovation will need to be part of these transitions. To assess the innovation deficit in urban water organizations and to identify means for supporting innovation, we surveyed wastewater utility managers in California. Ou...

The technique of using biochar-based catalysts in persulfate activation is a promising alternative to remov emerging and refractory pollutants (e.g., tetracycline-) wastewater. However, the situation biochars derived from waste pulp/paper mill sludge still unclear. (SBC300, SBC500, SBC700) were obtained characterized at pyrolysis temperatures 300, 500, 700 °C. Tetracycline degradation peroxydis...

Alkali-activated materials are generally considered a more sustainable alternative to Portland cement binders. This derives not only from the use of solid wastes as precursors, but also low temperatures required for their synthesis. However, increase environmental advantages these materials, activators should be explored, common route involves commercial such sodium silicate or hydroxide soluti...

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing problem and a public health issue. In recent decades, various genetic mechanisms involved in the spread of resistance genes among bacteria have been identified. Integrons - genetic elements that acquire, exchange, and express genes embedded within gene cassettes (GC) - are one of these mechanisms. Integrons are widely distributed, especia...

Restorative and endodontic procedures have been recently developed in an attempt to preserve the vitality of dental pulp after exposure to external stimuli, such as caries infection or traumatic injury. When damage to dental pulp is reversible, pulp wound healing can proceed, whereas irreversible damage induces pathological changes in dental pulp, eventually requiring its removal. Nonvital teet...

Coffee production plays an essential role in the Brazilian economy, and a large centre is located Minas Gerais. In recent years, there has been increase coffee cultivation, consequently generating wastewater (CW) solid waste (skin, pulp, parchment, dregs) during processing stage. Thus, present review study seeks to characterize these by-products from chain their possible applications agribusine...