OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a reproducible method for characterizing the anatomy of the proximal pulmonary veins. BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a commonly requested test before and after radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While CE-MRA readily visualizes the pulmonary veins, there is no standardized ...

To cite: Souza AS Jr, de Souza LS, Zanetti G, et al. Thorax Published Online First: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ thoraxjnl-2013-203732 A 56-year-old woman underwent chest x-ray for evaluation of a pelvic tumour. The x-ray showed a unique pattern of bilateral, anomalous, curvilinear vessels (figure 1A). CTwith volume-rendered reconstruction (figure 1B), coronal (figure 1C) and ax...

KAYE, MICHAEL P., JOHN M. GEESBREGHT, AND WALTER C. RANDALL. Distribution of autonomic nerves to the canine heart. Am. J. Physiol. 218(4): 1025-1029. 1970.-Ventricular contractile force and lead II ECG were recorded in 15 dogs under chloralose anesthesia prior to and following sectioning of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and venae cavae. All experiments were carried out on cardiopulmona...

In the present case, we describe the abrupt transformation of intra-pulmonary vein activity from rapid firing to dissociated ectopic activity during sinus rhythm, as an easily identifiable, though rare to encounter, sign which documents the achievement of bidirectional block.

Recent studies on human embryonic and fetal lungs show that the pulmonary arteries form by vasculogenesis. Little is known of the early development of the pulmonary veins. Using immunohistochemical techniques and serial reconstruction, we studied 18 fetal and neonatal lungs. Sections were stained with antibodies specific for endothelium (CD31, von Willebrand factor) and smooth muscle (alpha and...

The authors report a novel case of exercise-induced haemoptysis with an unexpected underlying pathology. The report discusses the case and provides a pragmatic overview of the diagnosis and management of the pulmonary vein stenosis.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare and usually fatal condition in which there is gradual obliteration of the pulmonary veins and venules. Without a lung biopsy the clinical diagnosis of this disease is difficult. If there is pulmonary hypertension with roentgenographic signs of pulmonary edema and of congestion in the absence of signs of increased left atrial pressure, the diagnosis mus...

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jer262 Online publish-ahead-...