A Michaelis-Menten (MM)-like kinetic model for pulmonary clearance and retention of insoluble dusts was developed and validated by comparing our predictions with experimental data from F344 rats. Published data from inhalation studies involving accumulation and elimination of photocopy test toner, antimony trioxide, carbon black, and diesel exhaust particles were investigated. Numerical integra...

RATIONALE Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen complicating postsurgical care. OBJECTIVES To test the effect of sterile laparotomy (LAP) on pulmonary clearance of S. aureus in a murine model. METHODS Control and LAP mice were infected intranasally with 10(8) cfu of S. aureus. Microbial clearance, pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, and cytokine profiles were compared between the groups. A...

We retrospectively compared the results of 67Ga chest scans and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol clearance measurements with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 88 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Of 100 investigations, a pulmonary infection was diagnosed in 39, mainly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a noninfectious disorder was found in 42, mainly Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphocytic ...

Hospitalization can occur at any age for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The leading cause for admission is an acute worsening of signs and symptoms that can be called a pulmonary exacerbation. The reasons for admission are usually the need for intravenous antibiotics and aggressive airway clearance with good nutritional support. Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a key role in the care of C...

Lungs accumulate 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) from the perfusate by a sodium-dependent, energy-requiring, saturable process. The rate-limiting step for uptake is the transport of 5-HT and not its subsequent metabolism to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Autoradiographic studies indicate that the pulmonary endothelium is the cellular site of uptake. The effect of hyperoxia on lung clearance ...

Previous investigations on tracheobronchial clearance in chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have usually referred to measurements during a short time-period, i.e. a few hours. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to study regional particle deposition and tracheobronchial clearance during 72 h. In 14 patients with chronic bronchitis clearance of 111In-labelle...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily involving the joints. Lung alterations in RA may be primary or secondary to pharmacological treatments and may involve the alveoli, interstitium, airways and/or pleura. Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) aerosol inhalation scintigraphy is a sensitive and noninvasive test commonly employed to asses...