BACKGROUND Studies have linked perceived racism to psychological distress via certain coping strategies in several different racial and ethnic groups, but few of these studies included indigenous populations. Elucidating modifiable factors for intervention to reduce the adverse effects of racism on psychological well-being is another avenue to addressing health inequities. METHODS We examined...

Research in animals has shown that early life experience, particularly parenting behaviors, influences later-life stress reactivity. Despite the tremendous relevance of this finding to human development and brain function, it has not been tested prospectively in humans. In this study two aspects of parenting were measured at age 4 in a sample of healthy, low socioeconomic status, African Americ...

(a) The authors’ reanalysis of our data with respect to the ITTI* model yields very similar results numerically, so there is no disagreement on the results per se. (b) We acknowledge that more recent ‘‘early saliency’’ models outperform our object-based approach. It is, however, no surprise that our naı̈ve object model cannot live up to this comparison. For example, it is well established that f...

An adaptive component is a component that is able to adapt its behavior to di erent execution contexts Building an adaptive application is di cult because of component de pendencies and the lack of language support As a result code that implements adaptation is often tangled hindering maintenance and evolution To overcome this problem we propose a declarative approach to program adaptation This...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of undertreatment for mental health problems among adults with diabetes and serious psychological distress (SPD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data of adults aged >or=18 years from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. SPD was assessed with the Kessler-6 scale. RESULTS The prevalence of untreated SPD was estimated t...

Results from several studies have suggested that the opportunity to engage in stereotypic behavior may function as reinforcement for alternative, more socially desirable behaviors. However, the procedural components of this intervention include several distinct operations whose effects have not been analyzed separately. While measuring the occurrence of stereotypy and an alternative behavior (m...

Extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats is a useful model for therapeutic interventions in humans with anxiety disorders. Recently, we found that delivering extinction trials soon (15 min) after fear conditioning yields a short-term suppression of fear, but little long-term extinction. Here, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying this deficit by assessing the suppression of fe...

Exaggerated haemodynamic reactions to acute psychological stress have been implicated in a number of adverse health outcomes. This study examined, in a large community sample, the cross-sectional associations between haemodynamic reactivity and self-reported smoking status. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and in response to a 3-minute arithmetic stress task. Participants wer...

Human motivation for social status may reflect an evolved psychological adaptation that increased individual reproductive success in the evolutionary past. However, the association between status striving and reproduction in contemporary humans is unclear. It may be hypothesized that personality traits related to status achievement increase fertility even if modern indicators of socioeconomic s...

We investigated the association between Type D personality, psychological distress, and self-ratings of poor health in elderly Japanese people. In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged ≥65 in three municipalities (n = 21232) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, and. 13929 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). To assess mental and physical health outcomes, we used t...