Earlier psychoanalytic thinkers, with their humanistic orientations, anticipated Heinz Kohut's theories and, therefore, contributed to the historical evolution of self psychology. Carl Rogers, a founder of humanistic psychology in the United States, was a theorist who struggled with many of the same issues as Kohut. Rogers had new ways of looking at therapy, and especially at the therapeutic am...

Erik Erikson (Fig. 30.9-1) made significant contributions to a broad range of disciplines, but the application of his theories to clinical practice has not received proper recognition. Although considered among the group of ego psychologists that transformed psychoanalytic theory in the 1950s and 1960s, Erikson's emphasis on how the individual is inextricably bound to sociocultural and historic...

Since I first met Polanyi when I was in psychiatry residency at Duke University (1962-4), his work has exerted a continuing influence on my understanding of psychoanalysis, specifically the branch of psychoanalysis called analytical psychology, founded by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. In the present context, I wish to discuss briefly four areas in which Polanyi’s thought has influenced or d...

The articles by Elkins (D. N. Elkins, 2012, Toward a common focus in psychotherapy research, Psychotherapy, 49, pp. 450-454) and Hayes (S. C. Hayes, 2012, Humanistic psychology and contextual behavioral perspectives, Psychotherapy, 49, pp. 455-460) serve as a springboard for a call for a renewal of personological methods in studies of the psychotherapeutic relationship-methods that can investig...

Social learning theory began as an attempt by Robert Sears and others to meld psychoanalytic and stimulus-response learning theory into a comprehensive explanation of human behavior, drawing on the clinical richness of the former and the rigor of the latter. Albert Bandura abandoned the psychoanalytic and drive features of the approach, emphasizing instead cognitive and informationprocessing ca...

in this article initially various theories about secularization and de-secularization universally and specially in iran have been described. then effects of higher education, democracy and consistency with political system empirically have been explored. hypothesis were examined with fifth waves of wvs data and structural equation modeling and displayed that despite of little effect of higher e...

Pastoral Psychology is one of the oldest and most well established academic journals in the field of psychology and religion/spirituality. Since 1950, the journal offers an international interdisciplinary forum for the publication of original papers that discuss the work of caring for, understanding, and exploring human beings as persons, in families, in small groups, and in community. This pee...

Scientists' interest in religion seems to come in waves. One arrived after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. Another followed in the 1930s and 1940s, inspired by surprising revelations from quantum mechanics, which suggested the insufficiency of conventional physical theories of the universe. And now scientists are once again writing about religion, apparently provoked this...

In AI, different bionic inspired theories on memory have gained ground. On the one hand neuronal networks are often used to realize learning systems. On the other hand psychology influences engineers by introducing the models of implicit and explicit memory. While neurology leaves out the question how mental functions emerge out of the brain structure, psychology classifies information but does...