background: chronic kidney disease is a health problem in today’s world and hemodialysis is an alternative method for patients with chronic renal failure. preparing provincial and national information on the situation of patients can play a significant role in improving the quality of services provided to patients undergoing hemodialysis. objective: this study aimed to investigate the character...

The study explored strategies that could be used to strengthen the integrated inter-sectoral collaboration among Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) providers in Northern Cape province, South Africa. It is evidenced literature early childhood education centers operate without maximum collaboration. There a need therefore for intersectoral ensure smooth running of program children’s develo...

Korea has adopted Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers through the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) since 1999 for systematic control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Graduates of medical schools in Korea are selected and serve as public health doctors (PHDs) for their mandatory military service. The duration of service is 3 years and PHDs comprise general prac...

Background: The aim of this study was to suggest a suitable context to develop efficient hospital systems while maintaining the quality of care at minimum expenditures. Methods: This research aimed to present a model of efficiency for selected public and private hospitals of East Azerbaijani Province of Iran by making use of Data Envelopment Analysis approach in order to recognize and suggest t...

BACKGROUND This study compares a combination of processes of care and clinical targets among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between specialist diabetes clinics (SDCs) and general medical clinics (GMCs), and how differences between these two types of clinics differ with hospital type (community, provincial and regional). METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patient medical records w...

OBJECTIVES This article presents five-year relative survival rates for prostate, breast, colorectal and lung cancer diagnosed in 1992. Provincial variations are also examined. DATA SOURCES Data are from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, the Canadian Mortality Data Base, and life tables. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Analysis was conducted using the maximu...

China has frequently been questioned about the data transparency and accuracy of its energy and emission statistics. Satellite-derived remote sensing data potentially provide a useful tool to study the variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) mass over areas of the earth's surface. In this study, Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) tropospheric CO2 concentration data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis ...

This paper examines the impact of leadership transition on government expenditure, particularly the composition of the expenditure. Using the Chinese provincial-level data during the period 1992-2006, we find that the transition of provincial leaders seems to have no significant effect on expenditure composition, either in the short run or long run. However, if the origins of provincial leaders...

Pharmaceutical policy in Canada is set at both the federal and provincial levels of government. The federal government is responsible for intellectual property rights of manufacturers (patents) and the initial approval and labelling of prescription drugs and for ensuring overall market competitiveness. The provincial government has responsibility and jurisdiction over the funding of all health ...

Provincial-municipal restructuring in Canada has received considerable attention during the 1990s from both provincial and municipal levels of government. The fiscal download by the Federal government to the provinces and the municipalities, along with the growing acceptance of a new public management philosophy, have been the two common variables encouraging provincial-municipal reforms over t...