Cyanogenesis denotes a chemical defensive strategy where hydrogen cyanide (HCN, hydrocyanic or prussic acid) is produced, stored, and released toward an attacking enemy. The high toxicity and volatility of HCN requires both chemical stabilization for storage and prevention of accidental self-poisoning. The few known cyanogenic animals are exclusively mandibulate arthropods (certain myriapods an...

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are key modulators of neuronal activity by providing the depolarizing cation current I(h) involved in rhythmogenesis, dendritic integration, and synaptic transmission. These tasks critically depend on the availability of HCN channels, which is dynamically regulated by intracellular cAMP; the range of this regulation, however, la...

proteases are important enzymes that their role in various industries is undeniable. however, keeping enzymes stable during its activity in harsh conditions is so important. in this study, protease enzyme was immobilized on the porous silica particles and its stability in different temperatures and phs was evaluated. first silica particles were aminated by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane then the ...

1,2,2-Tricyanoethanes, Elimination of HCN The elimination of HCN from 9-dicyanomethyl-fluorene (2), 1,1-diphenyl-1,2,2tricyanoethane (3), and 2-phenyl-I,l,2-tricyano-propane (4) in anhydrous methanol has been studied and shown to occur via an (E l)anion mechanism. Elimination of HCN from 2 in acidic, buffered and MeO~/MeOH solutions have also been studied. Addition of water or benzene to the re...

Cortical malformations are often associated with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Alterations in hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated, non-specific cation (HCN) channels have been shown to contribute to malformation associated hyperexcitability. We have recently demonstrated that expression of HCN channels and Ih current amplitudes are reduced in layer (L) 5 pyramidal neurons of rat...

Cyclic nucleotides directly enhance the opening of the tetrameric CNG and HCN channels, although the mechanism remains unclear. We examined why HCN and certain CNG subunits form functional homomeric channels, whereas other CNG subunits only function in heteromeric channels. The "defect" in the CNGA4 subunit that prevents its homomeric expression was localized to its C-linker, which connects the...

We detect HCN J=5-4 emission from the ultraluminous quasar APM08279+5255 at z=3.911 using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interfer-ometer. This object is strongly gravitationally lensed, yet still thought to be one of the most intrinsically luminous objects in the Universe. The new data imply a line luminosity L ′ HCN (J=5−4) = 4.0 ± 0.5 × 10 10 K km s −1 pc 2. The ∼ 440 km s −1 full width half maximu...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors comprise an important class of drugs used in HIV treatments. However, mutations of protease genes accelerated by low fidelity of reverse transcriptase yield drug resistant mutants of reduced affinities for the inhibitors. This problem is considered to be a serious barrier against HIV treatment for the foreseeable future. In this st...

optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum alkaline protease production was carried out. fifteen positive isolates were examined for their extent of alkaline protease production. the most potent producer was identified as bacillus sp. the solid substrate screening showed that the combination of wheat straw and bean husk was the best one. the initial screening by using plackett–burman’s...

The apical tuft is the most remote area of the dendritic tree of neocortical pyramidal neurons. Despite its distal location, the apical dendritic tuft of layer 5 pyramidal neurons receives substantial excitatory synaptic drive and actively processes corticocortical input during behavior. The properties of the voltage-activated ion channels that regulate synaptic integration in tuft dendrites ha...