Humour is a valid subject for research in artiicial intelligence, as it is one of the more complex of human behaviours. Some have also argued that an understanding of humour could lead to more congenial human-computer interfaces, although this is more contentious. Although philosophers and others have discussed humour for centuries, it is only very recently that computational work has begun in ...

Triphenylethylene structures similar to tamoxifen (Nolvadex) were first used in the 1940s, but in comparison to synthetic and natural estrogens used at that time, they were not particularly potent antitumor agents. [1,2] Tamoxifen was introduced into the clinic in 1969. Because of its much improved toxicity profile over the estrogens and androgens in use at that time, it rapidly gained acceptan...

The best technical package for the future comprises trypanocidal drugs for temporary relief and the use of insecticide-treated cattle, artificial baits and aerial spraying to attack the vector, to so give more lasting security. Whether this can speed the previously slow progress will depend on overcoming past hindrances to tsetse control: sporadic support, disputes over its desirability, diffic...

We may return unduly long letters to the author for shortening so that we can offer readers as wide a selection as possible. We receive so many letters each week that we have to omit some of them. Letters must be signed personally by all their authors. We cannot acknowledge their receipt unless a stamped addressed envelope or an international reply coupon is enclosed. Prospects in pathology SIR...

In this review I briefly describe the evolution of the inflationary theory from the scenario based on the idea of supercooling and expansion in the false vacuum toward the theory of eternally expanding self-reproducing inflationary universe. I describe recent development of inflationary cosmology with Ω 6= 1, and then discuss some issues related to the possibility to verify inflation by compari...

Mirage mediation reduces the fine-tuning in the minimal supersymmetric standard model by dynamically arranging a cancellation between anomaly-mediated and modulus-mediated supersymmetry breaking. We explore the conditions under which a mirage “messenger scale” is generated near the weak scale and the little hierarchy problem is solved. We do this by explicitly including the dynamics of the SUSY...

The check clearing and electronic payments systems market are regulated and dominated to various degrees by the Federal Reserve System. This article examines the theoretical and empirical implications of a potential deregulation of this market within the context of three broad effects: price discrimination, network externalities, and anticompetitive pricing. While these are all legitimate conce...

In Nature, the embryogenesis process proceeds from a single fertilized cell through division, migration, specialization and apoptosis. Although a lot is known about development, we still have a long way to go from theories of pattern formation towards understanding the intelligence within an unsupervised manufacturing process which robustly assembles complex biological forms. Our approach has b...

This book is the proceedings of the Oxford Conference held in March 1952 by the Mental Health Research Fund, to which were invited leading figures of the various disciplines concerned with research on mental health. These included naturally a high proportion of psychiatrists of different schoo's but the discussion centred on ignorances in the anatomical field was opened by professors of anatomy...