Two types of combustion instabilities were observed in a multi-injector research combustor with liquid oxygen and liquefied natural gas (LOX/LNG) propellants operating at conditions similar to an upper stage rocket engine. The first was identified as excited tangential acoustic mode the chamber can be explained by coupling LOX injectors, mechanism previously tests propellants. other type is cha...

Fine porous ammonium perchlorate (PAP) has small holes in its crust, and the voids particles are connected to outside. The porosity of PAP results fine bubble contamination a propellant because cannot be completely charged with binder. can improve burning rate characteristics an (AP) propellant. influence on nitrate (AN)/AP effect Fe2O3 as catalyst them were investigated this study. void fracti...

Propellants containing nitrate esters need stabilizers to avoid early decomposition or even explosion during storage. Newly prepared malonanilides M1-M5 were tested in stabilizing double-base propellants (DBPs). Their stabilization was compared with the effect of classical stabilizer N,N'-diethyldiphenyl urea (C1) using both practical thermal stability tests (qualitative and quantitative tests)...

Abstract Adding aluminum particles to solid propellants is used improve the energy density of propellant and specific impulse engine. However, will agglomerate form large-sized condensed combustion products, which can cause nozzle erosion two-phase flow loss. Therefore, it necessary study agglomeration characteristics propellants. In this paper, process Al/NEPE was recorded by a high speed came...

Additional Notes This guideline is intended to facilitate companies in compiling the dossier for submission for the replacement of a CFC propellant in an already authorised medicinal product. It identifies the considerations of quality, safety and efficacy which should be taken into account. The need for this guideline has been accentuated by the imminent lack of availability of existing replac...

Modern local therapy for lung diseases is now largely based on pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The research of alternatives to MDIs has recently accelerated, primarily due to environmental concerns related to the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants. The most recent and attractive solution to this problem is represented by the development of dry powder inhalers (DPIs), particul...

Several devices have been developed to overcome the need to co-ordinate actuation with inhalation required during use of a pressurised metered dose inhaler (MDI) and to improve drug delivery to the lung. These include spacer attachments for MDIs, dry powder inhalers and breath-actuated MDIs. The breath-actuated Autohaler (3M Pharmaceuticals) is a compact, multidose inhaler device that, unlike d...

Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are the mainstay of inhaled steroid therapy for asthma. With the phasing out of traditional chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants and their replacement with a new generation of CFC-free products, it is becoming clear that formulation and inhaler characteristics can markedly affect the drug delivery. It now seems necessary to compare inhalers not only on the basis of ...