T contours of the face are largely dependent on the proportionate si/.c and shape of the individual bones forming the skuli. Thus a concave profile could be caused by an anterior position of the fron­ tal region of the skull; a small maxillary complex; a large m andible; a forward position of the m andible; or a combina­ tion of these skeletal abnormalities. The d if fe re n tia l diagnosis be ...

The present case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a young adult patient (18y / 1m), Class III skeletal malocclusion, with mandibular prognathism and significant dental compensation. The canine relation was Class III, incisors with tendency to crossbite and open bite, moderate inferior crowding, and concave profile. Skeletal correction of malocclusion, facial profile harmony with sa...

A 7.5-yr-old female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) aborted spontaneously at approximately 13 mo gestation. The fetus exhibited malformations consistent with schistosomus reflexus syndrome, including spinal inversion and ventral midline abdominal defect with externalization of abdominal viscera. A computed tomography was performed and revealed severe scoliosis, a spiral ro...

Transoral vertical ramus osteotomy (TOVRO) procedure can result in a variety of complications. Complications commonly reported include extensive bleeding due to major blood vessel injury, unpredictable fracture, postoperative infection, neurosensory deficit related Inferior alveolar nerve, insufficient osteosynthesis, and temporomandibular joint problem. The authors describe a case of partial n...

Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a severe maxillofacial disorder with undetermined genetic background. We collected a Chinese pedigree with MP which involved in 23 living members of 4 generations. Genome-wide linkage analysis were carried out to obtain the information in this family and a new MP-susceptibility locus, 12pter-p12.3 was identified. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozyg...