In asserting that the number of firms reporting small profits is abnormally high, thus suggesting that earnings management has taken place, accounting researchers assume that the distribution of reported earnings should be smooth for unmanaged earnings. This has never in fact been demonstrated. This article seeks to confirm this assumption through a laboratory experiment, and also sets out to i...

Supply chain and supply chain management has been widely described in literature. There are many articles and papers that present concept and terms related to the internal or external integrated supply chain. Some of these published articles contain descriptive models that usually divide the flows of supply chains into steps or phases and indicate how they are related. Meanwhile other articles ...

Although the theory of multinational banking has pointed out the importance of local profit opportunities, the empirical evidence is still poor and deserves further investigation. To this end, we analyse entry decisions and activity levels of foreign banks operating in Italy between 1983 and 1998. We consider 22 OECD countries, 10 of which had at least one bank (branch or subsidiary) in Italy. ...

The paper discusses key issues in the measurement and control of risks in Islamic Financial Services Institutions, particularly the implications of profit sharing investment accounts (PSIA) for risk measurement, risk management, capital adequacy and supervision. Cross country data on a sample of banks reveal a considerable smoothing of returns paid to PSIA, despite wide divergences in risk. Thi...

In agriculture, record profits usually are fleeting; farm booms historically are followed by farm busts. The recent rebound in agriculture’s profitability combined with projections of burgeoning global demand for food, fiber, and fuel suggest the industry has entered a new “golden era.” Still, the glint of banner profits in agriculture could turn out to be fool’s gold. While many in agriculture...

Employing the one-step stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach, this paper examines bank efficiency in China, paying special attention to the ownership, selection effect and dynamic effects of governance changes on bank performance. Bank efficiency has improved over the data period 1995-2008. The estimated average cost and profit efficiencies are 74% and 63% respectively. Joint Stock Commer...

Development of the profit-oriented food enterprises, growing consumers’ expectations and concerns as regards food quality and safety, as well as increasing requirements of food chain actors, forced many companies to improve safety and quality of their products through implementation of the quality and safety assurance and management systems. This chapter attempts to discuss the problem outlined...

This paper will outline the changing forms of cooperation between national tax authorities in the taxation of income or profits from international business, especially transnational corporations (TNCs). The case study will illustrate broader trends of transformation both of statehood and the international state system, from the classical liberal model based on interdependence and coordination o...

This short note provides a systematic construction of market models without unbounded profits but with arbitrage opportunities.

We report our analysis, using account data from a large discount brokerage firm, of the common stock investment performance of 166 investment clubs from February 1991 through January 1997. The average club tilted its common stock investment toward high-beta, small-cap growth stocks and turned over 65 percent of its portfolio annually. The average club lagged the performance of a broad-based mar...