in an economy based on knowledge, organizations use their employees’ knowledge as a resource for creating and increasing organizational value and their success depends on their ability to manage their rare and volatile resources. one of the important organizational capabilities is social capital which can greatly help organizations to create and share knowledge as well as to create “permanent o...

Background: Knowledge sharing in university environments is essential and students' behavior in this field is based on their beliefs, norms and attitudes. Theory of planned behavior is one of the most prestigious behavior prediction models that can be used to examine the ideas, values, and attitudes in the context of knowledge sharing behavior. Considering the role of academics...

background both rising healthcare costs and the global financial crisis have fueled a search for policy tools in order to avoid unsustainable future financing of essential health benefits. the scope of essential health benefits (the range of services covered) and depth of coverage (the proportion of costs of the covered benefits that is covered publicly) are corresponding variables in determini...

We analyze the benefit of production/service capacity sharing for a set of independent firms. Firms have the choice of either operating their own production/service facilities or investing in a facility that is shared. Facilities are modeled as queueing systems with finite service rates. Firms decide on capacity levels (the service rate) to minimize delay costs and capacity investment costs pos...

We consider a simple two-stage supply chain with a single retailer facing i.i.d. demand and a single manufacturer with finite production capacity. We analyze the value of information sharing between the retailer and the manufacturer over a finite time horizon. In our model, the manufacturer receives demand information from the retailer even during time periods in which the retailer does not ord...

Recently, verifiable secret sharing schemes have been proposed to keep participants from providing fake or illegal stego-images. However, the schemes do not consider the recovery mechanism when parts of the information in stego-images are lost or incidentally modified during the transmission process. This paper presents a novel verifiable and reversible secret sharing scheme based on Shamir’s s...

We combine input-output and bilateral trade data to quantify cross-border production linkages. Using a complete trading system, we compute bilateral trade in value added for 87 countries and regions. The ratio of value added to gross exports is a measure of the intensity of production sharing. Across sectors, manufacturing has a relatively low ratio and thus accounts for a smaller share of expo...

time sharing contracts are a new type of contracts relating to immovable property created in response to modern life necessities. the main feature of this type of contract is that the ownership of property is transferred to the buyer for a limited period of the year. unlike traditional sale contracts in which the buyer acquires the complete and continuous ownership of the property purchased, in...