The Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) model allows estimating the latent trait scores of respondents directly through their responses in forced-choice questionnaires. It solves a part of problems brought by the traditional scoring methods of this kind of questionnaires. However, the forced-choice designs may still have their own limitations: The model may encounter underidentification and ...

115This study focuses on Grade 6 learners’ perceptions of ‘learning as design’ during the creation of a collaborative hypermedia product. Data were generated via a Likert Scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, learner journals, observational notes, Task Elicitation List, Task Ranking List and open-ended learner evaluation reports. The findings of the study are considered within Lehrer...

William J. Tastle and et al. (Proc ISECON 2005, V22 (Columbus OH)) presented a new consensus measure for ranking sets of Likert scale data (ordinal data). In this paper we extend the consensus measure to the fuzzy sets. This measure called the strength of consensus is a modification of both the Shannon entropy, an equation common to the foundation of information theory, and the standard consens...

PURPOSE To estimate the just-noticeable difference (JND) in ocular comfort rating by human, contact lens-wearing subjects using 1 to 100 numerical scales. METHODS Ostensibly identical, new contact lenses were worn simultaneously in both eyes by 40 subjects who made individual comfort ratings for each eye using a 100-point numerical ratings scale (NRS). Concurrently, interocular preference was...

Using data from the U.S. bicycle industry, we examine the relation among product variety, supply chain structure, and firm performance. Variety imposes two types of costs on a supply chain: production costs and market mediation costs. Production costs include, among other costs, the incremental fixed investments associated with providing additional product variants. Market mediation costs arise...