The first sulfur labelled compound, [(2)H(4),(34)S]indolyl-3-acetothiohydroxamic acid, is incorporated into the phytoalexins cyclobrassinin and spirobrassinin and the indole glucosinolate glucobrassicin, indicating that both biosynthetic pathways are closely related.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) produces a variety of diterpene phytoalexins, such as momilactones, phytocassanes, and oryzalexins. Momilactone B was previously identified as an allelopathic substance exuded from the roots of rice. We identified in this present study momilactone A and phytocassanes A-E in extracts of, and exudates from, the roots of rice seedlings. The concentration of each compound was...

Large volumes of water often are produced with oil and gas from offshore platforms. The produced water is separated from the oil and gas and either reinjected into a deep formation or discharged to the ocean. The Norwegian oil and gas industry advocates ecological risk assessment as the basis for managing produced water discharges to the North Sea. In this paper, we compare estimates of ecologi...

food security in the world that water shortages are faced is very important, especially in arid regions. effects of climate change on agricultural water requirement have doubled this importance. in this study, the risk of water demand has been assessed for a wide range of products under climate change. aogcm models have been used to simulate climate variables. the climate change scenarios of cl...

the greatest limitations to agricultural development and production in iran are scarcity of water resources, ineffective irrigation scheduling and wasteful water usage. avenues discussed for optimum water use include improving water productivity by improving irrigation scheduling, farm water management and water profitability. the present study evaluated current water use and ways to improve wi...