objective: trauma is a major health problem worldwide regardless of regional socioeconomic and healthcare status. as a leading cause of death, trauma results in severe socioeconomic damages, which could be highly prevented by optimal care. as nurses are the major professional groups involved in patient care, improvement of their knowledge and practical skill leads to more qualified healthcare s...

Introduction: The most important change in medical education is a shift from didactic teacher-centered and subject-based teaching to the use of interactive, problem-based, student-centered learning. Student-centered approach is a teaching approach t that encompasses replacing lectures with active learning, integrating self-paced learning programs and cooperative group situations, ultimately hol...

This cross-sectional study determined the appreciation of the learning environment and development of higher-order learning skills among students attending the Medical Curriculum at the International Medical University, Malaysia which provides traditional and e-learning resources with an emphasis on problem based learning (PBL) and self-directed learning. Of the 708 participants, the majority p...

There has been a paradigm shift in the teaching strategies fromdidactic or teacher-centered to more vibrant student centeredapproaches. For the last five decades, small group teaching(SGT) has been a hallmark of this reorientation of educationalstrategies especially in medical schools, which use problem-basedlearning as a core educational tool. The key strength of ...

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Problem based Learning strategies on communication skills in pediatric nursing learning among undergraduate nursing students. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design was conducted on undergraduate nursing students in Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad province. The sampling method...

In this paper I tested whether Contradictory Matrix with 40 Inventive Principles, the simplest instrument from the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), is a useful approach to a real-life PCR scenario. The PCR challenge consisted of standardization of fluorescence melting curve measurements in Competitive Amplification of Differentially Melting Amplicons (CADMA) PCR for multiple targets....

We revisit the SM2 protocol, which is widely used in Chinese commercial applications and by Chinese government agencies. Although it is by now standard practice for protocol designers to provide security proofs in widely accepted security models in order to assure protocol implementers of their security properties, the SM2 protocol does not have a proof of security. In this paper, we prove the ...