A review of the literature is made to evaluate factors that influence probing depth and attachment level on the distal aspect of the lower second molar (L2M) following extraction of a lower third molar (L3M). The PubMed database was searched for studies published between 1997 and March 2009 using the following keywords: mandibular third molar, distal periodontal defect, distal probing depth, di...

The packet pair mechanism has been shown to be a reliable method to measure the bottleneck link capacity on a network path, but its use for measuring available bandwidth is more challenging. In this paper, we use modeling, measurements, and simulations to better characterize the interaction between probing packets and the competing network traffic. We first construct a simple model to understan...

|Growing interest in inference and prediction of network characteristics is justi ed by its importance for a variety of network-aware applications. One widely adopted strategy to characterize network conditions relies on active, end-to-end probing of the network. Active end-to-end probing techniques di er in (1) the structural composition of the probes they use (e.g., number and size of packets...

The energy relaxation of carriers in reduced graphene oxide thin films is studied using optical pump-probe spectroscopy with two probes of different colors. We measure the time difference between peaks of the carrier density at each probing energy by measuring a time-resolved differential transmission and find that the carrier density at the lower probing energy peaks later than that at the hig...

This paper describes unimodular probing { a new technique that has been used to solve a class of dynamic scheduling problems. In benchmarks a unimodular probing algorithm has outperformed two well-established approaches: backtrack search with local consistency and spe-cialised heuristics, and mixed integer programming (MIP). The problems amenable to unimodular probing involve disjunctive constr...

Chemical probing is a common method for the structural characterization of RNA. Typically, RNA is radioactively end-labelled, subjected to probing conditions, and the cleavage fragment pattern is analysed by gel electrophoresis. In recent years, many chemical modifications, like fluorophores, were introduced into RNA, but methods are lacking that detect the influence of the modification on the ...

TCP error control mechanism lacks the ability to detect with precision the nature of potential errors during communication. It is only capable of detecting the results of the errors, namely, that segments are dropped. As a result, the protocol lacks the ability to implement an appropriate error recovery strategy cognizant of current network conditions and responsive to the distinctive error cha...

AIMS To find the cure rate of late (second year of age) and very late (3-5 years of age) initial probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and to identify the factors contributing to the failure rate of the probing in older children. METHODS In a prospective interventional case series study, 169 eyes of 125 consecutive patients (1-5 years old) with CNLDO underwent probing u...